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		<title>L’albero della Cuccagna della Sagra di Montodine  (Crema)- edizione 2004. aggiornata con figure</title>
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		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[Antonia Bertocchi 
L’albero della Cuccagna della Sagra di Montodine  (Crema)- edizione 2004. aggiornata
Commento al Filmato realizzato dal  Regista  Luigi Ginevra, Antropologo Visuale . Esso  è stato acquisito da Regione  Lombardia, insieme agli altri documentari audiovisivi dello stesso autore contenuti  nel  DVD  allegato all’Opera Multimediale Atlante Demologico Lombardo per il Cremonese ADL  2011 (www.demologia.it) al quale  [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Antonia Bertocchi <br />
L’albero della Cuccagna della Sagra di Montodine  (Crema)- edizione 2004. aggiornata</p>
<p>Commento al Filmato realizzato dal  Regista  Luigi Ginevra, Antropologo Visuale . Esso  è stato acquisito da Regione  Lombardia, insieme agli altri documentari audiovisivi dello stesso autore contenuti  nel  DVD  allegato all’Opera Multimediale Atlante Demologico Lombardo per il Cremonese ADL  2011 (www.demologia.it) al quale  l’Antropologa Antonia Bertocchi  a collaborato, sia in veste di Ricercatrice che di Consulente Scientifica</p>
<p>Nota di campo<br />
Sin dal tardo pomeriggio di Domenica 25 Luglio 2004 la piazza della Chiesa dedicata  a Santa Maria Maddalena, a Montodine (Crema) è animata da un trepido andirivieni di popolo, affluito anche da altri paesi vicini per assistere all&#8217;evento &#8220;clou&#8221; della Sagra: la scalata dell&#8217;albero della Cuccagna che, circa 25 anni fa, si svolgeva in riva al Serio.<br />
Verso le ore 21, quattro squadre ad ognuna delle quali il regolamento concede alcuni tentativi preliminari, per scaldare i muscoli, si dispongono ad iniziare la gara sotto la premurosa  e professionale supervisione della famosa squadra atletica &#8220;Acrobati della Cuccagna&#8221;  capitanata da Walter Milesi ( palodellacuccagna.blogspot..    http://picasaweb.google.com/bungiu.strafera) giovane atleta che, in Italia e all&#8217;estero, mantiene vivo questo rito tradizionale carico di valori morali, sportivi culturali ed  educativi. Forse qualcuno ne ricorderà la brillante partecipazione alla sfida  della trasmissione televisiva  &#8220;Scommettiamo che ..&#8221;, condotta da Gerry  Scotti, qualche anno fa <br />
Alle 21 in punto lo speaker fischia lo &#8220;start&#8221;e i gagliardi giovani della  prima squadra danno inizio alla scalata del Palo, piantato a norma di legge e dotato di rete di protezione, che suscita i commenti positivi dei genitori e degli amici dei ragazzi in gara. Grande è l&#8217;entusiasmo alla vista dei poderosi salami di prima qualità,  legati con altre prelibatezze e doni alla sommità del palo,<br />
I ragazzi cominciano ad avvicendarsi nella gara, con slancio competitivo, ma  si gettano nell’impresa un pò goffamente, senza seguire una tecnica particolare. Risultato? Il tentativo si risolve dopo alcune maldestre bracciate che hanno invano aggredito un palo abbondantemente grondante di grasso, e che finiscono in una scivolata generale, di corpi aggrovigliati, che rende vani gli incitamenti del pubblico, ad un tempo divertito e deluso. <br />
Dopo diversi tentativi andati a vuoto, interviene la squadra professionista di Milesi, che spiega ed insegna, dandone l&#8217;esempio pratico, la tecnica  sportiva che porta al successo finale.: un gioco a staffetta in verticale nel quale, quelli che stanno alla base,  con i piedi ben piantati a terra, sostengono il peso di quelli che salgono agilmente su di loro. Questi, a loro volta, con le gambe ben agganciate a metà  del palo, possono dare sicuro supporto al giovane che, con una spettacolare rincorsa percorre la scala umana, raggiungendo elegantemente  la cima, da dove riceve gli applausi di una folla festante,  che comincia a ben sperare nella possibilità di realizzazione di tanta impresa, anche da parte dei ragazzi del posto.<br />
La seconda squadra scende allora in campo baldanzosa, ma la messa a punto dell&#8217;emulazione di  tale agile performance risulta ardua. Lo sforzo è generoso, quasi.. quasi uno ce la fa, aiutandosi con della farina che sparge a manciate sul legno per accrescere l&#8217;attrito e facilitare il mantenimento della presa, ma la scivolata generale si ripete. A questa seconda squadra viene concesso un altro  tentativo che rinnova  la scivolata generale, accolta da  un corali esclamazioni   di sconforto.<br />
A risollevare gli animi, interviene di novo la squadra professionale  che  aiuta uno dei concorrenti più animosi,a raggiungere rapidamente la cima, suscitando un applauso  stupito e affascinato …<br />
A questo punto  la IV squadra , prende coraggio ed entra nella tenzone, ma siccome nessuno dei concorrenti  riesce nell&#8217;impresa,  ecco che di nuovo accorrono  gli acrobati  professionisti  che trasportano letteralmente fino alla sommità, un giovane occhialuto di Castiglione d&#8217;Adda, che finalmente riesce a staccare uno dei salumi tra gli applausi di una folla finalmente appagata ed esultante .<br />
Poco per volta anche altri giovani tentano l’impresa e, ad uno ad uno  per ogni gruppo , vengono facilitati nella salita e possono esperimentare la grande gioia di riuscire in un&#8217;impresa che, fino a pochi  minuti prima  sembrava impossibile.<br />
Ancora una volta  gli&#8221;Acrobati della Cuccagna&#8221;, guidati da Walter Milesi, hanno saputo comunicare ai giovani partecipanti e ad un&#8217;intera comunità festante, una coinvolgente passione per questo antichissimo gioco, risalente all&#8217;alba dell&#8217;uomo. Esso meriterebbe di venir riscoperto e valorizzato a cominciare dai luoghi in cui se ne conserva il ricordo , non solo per i suoi evidenti e salutari aspetti agonistici e  sportivi, ma anche  per i suoi  alti valori  socio-pedagogici , etnostorici  ed iniziatici  (Bertocchi A.1997, 1998 a), 1998 b) 1999 ).</p>
<p>Commento  comparativo  <br />
L’ albero della  Cuccagna,( con ‘albero di Maggio ) conserva nella sua struttura profonda, che è di tipo magico-religioso, significati e funzioni ecologiche e religiose che ci riportano alla fonte della religione delle origini, all&#8217;Essenza stessa delle  Religioni ( Bertocchi A 2009a:; 2009 b) quella fondata sul sentimento cognitivo-empatico del &#8220;sacro-immanente&#8221;.Un sentimento che persiste nella coscienza dei popoli italici<br />
 Nonostante la sua rimozione da parte della cultura  dominante che ne nega la presenza, lo dissacra e lo mercifica, esso è sempre pronto a risorgere,  come  dimostra il caso del rito dell&#8217;albero della Cuccagna  nel contesto della  sopravvivenza del culto degli  alberi, espresso dall&#8217;usanza assai diffuso nella Bassa Padana, di piantare un albero alla nascita di un  bambino   ( che poi ne diventa il tutore, avendogli  dato il suo nome ( oppure un  nome segreto o magico) e riponendo in esso la sua &#8220;anima esterna&#8221;.<br />
Il concetto magico-religioso di &#8220;anima esterna .come molti altri, è stato rimosso dalla cultura dominante, ma non può  venirne estirpato, tanto che è assai significativo, da un punto di vista etno-antropologico, il caso di una bambina di  Moglia  (Mantova ) che voleva incatenarsi al tronco del &#8220;suo&#8221; albero,destinato a venir spazzato via dalla ruspe insieme ad altri 190 alberi,  per far posto a delle villette. Essi erano stati  piantati ritualmente alla nascita di altrettanti bambini del paese, in applicazione alla legge 113 del 1992 (“Obbligo per il Comune di residenza di porre a dimora un albero per ogni neonato, a seguito della registrazione anagrafica”).<br />
http://agricoltura.regione.campania.it/foreste/albero_neonato.html<br />
Una legge che molti comuni stanno imparando a rispettare.(La  Provincia quot. 2011)<br />
Eccezionale il caso di Felix, il bambino  tedesco che ha piantato  un milione di alberi<br />
http://www.ilmioprimoquotidiano.it/natura/felix-il-bambino-che-ha-piantato-un-milione-di-alberi 23 agosto 2011</p>
<p>Tra il 1994 e il 2001 l’Amministrazione comunale di Moglia  aveva piantato oltre 200 alberi in una vasta area destinata a verde pubblico.Ii parchi  erano stati inaugurati con cerimonia ufficiale del sindaco e alla  presenza dei genitori dei nuovi nati., ma  l’Amministrazione Comunale in carica dal 2002 ha trasformato quell’area in edificabile e ne ha avviato l’alienazione  per far posto a delle  villette  ( La Provincia di Cremona  quot 2005 ; Angelini  L.2005;  Grazioli E. 2005)<br />
Anche la piccola Beatrice ,come Julia  Hill,  che  l&#8217;ha  incoraggiata  (Oliani G. 2005) e che  è venuta appositamente da lei per conoscerla (Negri R. 2006 )  come  gli indigeni di tante etnie di interesse etnologico che  si sono eroicamente impegnati  a difendere i loro alberi dalle ruspe  (es l&#8217;etnia indiana dei Cipko (Ceinos P 1992 p.50) e Bishop  ( Bertocchi  A. 2009 a) aveva sentito  nascere in sè un profondo sentimento empatico nei confronti di quel suo albero, nel quale aveva risposto la sua anima, così che le due anime erano diventate una .Quel sentimento d&#8217;amore, incoraggiato dalla famiglia e dalla società, era germogliato insieme all&#8217;albero ed era cresciuto insieme a lui, diventando una forza interiore che la spingeva all&#8217;azione, al sacrificio. Ebbene quel sentimento è eterno e nessuna ruspa  lo può estirpare.<br />
Sorprende la brutalità della punizione insensata di una relazione d&#8217;amore, poco prima  lodata, incoraggiata  e poi traumaticamente interrotta con la violenza..Tuttavia i bambini hanno conservato gli spiriti dei loro alberi trucidati e martirizzati  grazie al Comitato &#8220;Salviamo il Parco&#8221;: un luogo sacralizzato dal sentimento cognitivo-empatico del &#8220;sacro  immanente nella natura&#8221; che  costituisce  una costante antropologica  della  psiche umana ed è sempre pronto a risorgere e a sostenere forme di etnoresistenza , ovunque gli oltraggi alla natura passino i limiti  del comune idem sentire. Infatti il padre della bambina Rudy Bulgarelli,attivista di Legambiente,   ha fatto rivivere  la robinia di sua figlia, togliendo una  parte della radice che era nata contro il  tronco dell&#8217;albero e ripiantandola  nel parco che ha realizzato lo stesso anno (circa 200 alberi) nel terreno che gli ha dato suo padre e che ha dedicato ai bambini di  Moglia   (corrispondenza personale)<br />
Si è trattato di un  gesto che ha salvato insieme  alla vita della pianta, la gioia di vivere in sintonia con la natura. Una gioia che rifiorisce  ogni qualvolta viene piantato una albero alla nascita di un bambino, specialmente se poi il bambino  viene educato ad accudirlo<br />
Così accade che questa antichissima usanza,, nota anche alla cultura  ebraica,  http://www.interware.it/tsr/scuole/venezia/vitaebre.htm,  sia ancora presente in molti paesi del cremonese  (Gombito, Crema, Castelfranco d&#8217;Oglio, Persichello ( fraz.di Persico d&#8217;Osimo) e, non a caso a Montodine (Biondi M.2000) dove, in occasione della festa dell&#8217;Albero Amico, gli studenti dell&#8217;Istituto Stanga  di Cremona e il Parco del Serio,  hanno offerto gratuitamente  tremila pianticelle ad altrettanti &#8220;genitori adottivi.<br />
L&#8217;intreccio tra alberi della Cuccagna e culti arborei, costituisce un campo aperto di studi che con questa nota di campo spero di poter far  uscire dal&#8217;oblio  Ma se in provincia di Cremona questo genere di alberi sta rispuntando, soprattutto nel  cremasco ( Pianengo,  Pieranica, Quintano,  Pandino (Fraz. Gradela e Nosadello) e  Bagnolo Cremasco, andando a ritroso nel tempo lo troviamo a San Latino  (Castelleone   (Corada S. 1973) e a  Castelleone ove , in epoca napoleonica  veniva eretto per precisa disposizione regia, durante la Festa pubblica del 9 giugno- (Castelleone 1811)  e la Festa del nuovo regno  d&#8217;Italia (Castelleone 1862) <br />
Nella circoscrizione di Casalmaggiore veniva piantato negli anni &#8216;70 a Calvatone e a Bizzolano (Gozzi G.- cura di-2002  p229) e, dal  2004  fino ad oggi (2009), è stato riproposto a Fossacaprara, dove l&#8217;altezza alla quale  sono stati posti i salami, è stata fata oggetto di scommesse, dopo essere stata calcolata con precisione per mezzo di un  puntatore laser. Vincitore è colui che più si approssima ad indovinare l&#8217;altezza  alla quale sono sati posti i salami. (Bazzani  D.. 2005).<br />
Nei secoli corsi questo rito doveva aver una ben maggiore diffusione, se nel 1638 l&#8217;usanza era ancora viva in molte piazze di  Cremona, come attesta il  Bresciani  G.( 1638 p.57, p.59, p.63, p.64, p.67 pp.67-70.<br />
La Sagra di Montodine , si è ripetuta sabato 23 Luglio 2005, ma  poi è stata sospesa .<br />
In compenso è risorta quella di Bagnolo Cremasco che l&#8217;ha  celebrata ripetutamente il 31 Luglio 2009 altocremasco.blogspot.com/2009/07/del-31-luglio.html   ;<br />
 il 3 agosto 2009. http://www.cremaonline.it/articoli/images/cu8161locandina_2009.pdf  ;<br />
 e il 1 ottobre  (Bagnolo Cremasco 2009) mentre è diventato celebre quello di Vailate(11 ottobre 2011), per aver messo a dura prova i concorrenti <br />
http://palodellacuccagna.blogspot.com/2011/10/vailate-la-fatica-del-palo-quasi.html<br />
Un’altra prova  del rinnovato interesse verso il recupero dei riti arborei , è data dalla difesa di Nona Quercia, una quercia  secolare  minacciata  di essere estirpata per far posto  ad una autostrada, http://www.cremonaoggi.it/?p=32677Credo. Questa vicenda  rafforza la necessità e l’urgenza  di lavorare  al monitoraggio multimediale delle tradizioni popolari,la cui efficacia <br />
l’Atlante Demologico lombardo, ben  rende evidente  .<br />
Antonia Bertocchi </strong></p>
<p><strong>Nota di campo <br />
Bibliogradfia</p>
<p>Angelini Luca  (2005) :  Addio al Bosco, il pianto  di Beatrice. Corriere della Sera quot Milano<br />
25 ottobre 2005</p>
<p>Bagnolo Cremasco ( 2009) : Albero della Cuccagna, tradizione. La Provincia  quot. Cremona<br />
2 Ottobre 2009</p>
<p>Bazzani  Davide      (2005).  Un successone a Fossa. La Provincia, quot. Cremona 30/8/2005</p>
<p>Bertocchi Antonia   (1997) :  Arriva l Cuccagna. Paginone a colori.. Mondo PadanoSett. Cremona 10/5/97.</p>
<p>Bertocchi Antonia   (1998 a) :  Il Bosco  Sacro modello del tempio. Il Monitore. Rivista di Scuola, Cultura ed Arte Tipolito Sigraf,  Pescara. Anno XXXII° n. 2-3</p>
<p>Bertocchi Antonia  (1998 b): Le sorelle di Fetonte: I pioppi come bosco di simboli.<br />
Provincia Nuova. quadrimestrale . della Provincia di Cremona. n.1</p>
<p>Bertocchi Antonia  ( 1999) : L&#8217;albero rovesciato: un girotondo di simboli. Provincia Nuova. Quadrimestrale della Provincia di cremona n.. 2-3</p>
<p>Bertocchi Antonia  ( 2009 a): Urgent tutelage of cultural diversity of indigenous peoples by applied Anthropology of the Environmental Culture” ( relazione  presentata in ppt  nel Panel del Prof. P.R.G. Mathur :&#8221; Applied Anthropology, Development and Cultural Diversity , al <br />
16°Congresso Mondiale  di Antropologia &#8221; Humanity, Development and Cultural Diversity- The 16th World Congress-IUAES (The International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences-) World Congress held from July 27 to July 31, 2009 in Kunming, Yunnan University China</p>
<p>Bertocchi Antonia  (2009 b) : &#8220;Il modello &#8220;Eureka, per un rinnovamento epistemologico del metodo comparativo&#8221;. Relazione presentata in ppt al Congresso  al Congresso:&#8221;Pettazzoni e la Storia delle Religioni&#8221;  organizzato in collaborazione con l&#8217;Università di Bologna dal Comune di san Giovanni in Persiceto dal  23 al  25 Settembre 2009 </p>
<p>Biondi Maria   (2000  ):  La festa dell&#8217; Albero Amico. La Provincia, quot. Cremona. 18/3/2000  </p>
<p>Bresciani Giuseppe (Gioseffo Bresciano) (1638):  Diario curioso di quello che si osserva giornalmente nella città di Cremona, tanto nelle cose spirituali, quanto in quelle temporali. Tipografia Belpieri. Cremona</p>
<p>Castelleone        (1811)  &#8212; Festa pubblica.  Archivio Comunale di  Castelleone.</p>
<p>Castelleone        (1862 )&#8211;  Festa  per il nuovo Regno d&#8217;Italia . Archivio Comunale di Castelleone. Busta n.113</p>
<p>Ceinos Pedro     (1992)  Atlante illustrato delle minoranze etniche . Red Edizioni Como</p>
<p>Corada Serafino  (1973):   Castelleone. Tradizioni Popolari. Tipografia Tipostile. Castelleone.</p>
<p>Gozzi Giancarlo  (2002 a cura di ) : Il Fiume, la  Terra, la Gente la Memoria del &#8216;900. Acquanegra, Calvatone,  Canneto  raccontano il loro passato in un documento fotografico. </p>
<p>Grazioli  Enrico (2005)  Una Bambina e il suo  albero  La gazzetta di Mantova, quot. 14 Agosto 2005albero</p>
<p>Melega Agostino  (1989)  Il falò della vecchia e l&#8217;albero di Maggio. Strenna A.D.A.F.A. annuale Cremona</p>
<p>La Provincia quot. (2005)  :Albero in  pericolo, bimba vuole incatenarsi al tronco. Nel Mantovano, per salvarlo. La Provincia quot.  Cremona  10/8/2005</p>
<p>La Porvincia quot.( 2011 ):  Casalmorano: Un albero per ogni  nato. Coinvolti tutti i  bambini<br />
La Provincia quot,  Cremona: 28/10/ 2011</p>
<p>Oliani Giancarlo (2005 a): Julia  scrive alla bambina: &#8220;Sii forte, non devi mollare&#8221; La Gazzetta di Mantova- quot. Mantova, 12 Agosto 2005</p>
<p>Oliani Gancarlo   (2005 b) :  In duecento per la piccola Butterfly: Alla festa dell&#8217;Albero consegnato il libro con dedica della Hill &#8211;La Gazzetta di Mantova- quot. Mantova: 11 settembre 2005</p>
<p>La Gazzetta di Mantova , quot. (2009), Julia Hill e Beatrice, due eroine verdi. -4 settembre 2009</p>
<p>Negrri  Riccardo  (2006) :  Julia Hill promuove il pannello Eco. Ospite dell&#8217;industriale Mauro Saviola, incoraggia la piccola Beatrice.  Giornale di  Mantova  ? 14 giugno 2006</p>
<p></strong></p>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 21:44:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
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		<title>L&#8217; albero della Cuccagna della Sagra di Montodine  (Crema)- edizione 2004  nota di campo in chiave comparativa  di Antonia Bertocchi</title>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:05:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
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		<title>La riappropriazione dell&#8217;Identità, come antidoto  all&#8217;Etnocentrismo : un approccio sistemico e filogenetico al problema delle discriminazioni</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 2011 14:05:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[XIII Convegno Nazionale AISEA
“Discriminazioni  Sezione  &#8220;Buona pratiche&#8221;
Università &#8220;La Sapienza&#8221; Roma.     .&#8211;13 al 16 Ottobre 2010
 
Antonia Bertocchi
International Institute of Humankind  Studies   University of Florence 
 
La riappropriazione dell&#8217;Identità, come antidoto  all&#8217;Etnocentrismo : un approccio sistemico e filogenetico al problema delle discriminazioni.
Un&#8217;ampia bibliografia etno-antropologica, sta a dimostrare che l&#8217;etnocentrismo, come tendenza comune a tutte le etnie di considerare [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">XIII Convegno Nazionale AISEA</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Discriminazioni</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;">Sezione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;Buona pratiche&#8221;</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Università &#8220;La Sapienza&#8221; Roma. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>.&#8211;13 al 16 Ottobre 2010</span></span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Antonia Bertocchi</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">International Institute of Humankind  Studies</span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>University of Florence </span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">La riappropriazione dell&#8217;Identità, come antidoto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>all&#8217;Etnocentrismo : un approccio sistemico e filogenetico al problema delle discriminazioni.</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;"></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Un&#8217;ampia bibliografia etno-antropologica, sta a dimostrare che l&#8217;etnocentrismo, come tendenza comune a tutte le etnie di considerare il proprio gruppo come quello pienamente umano rispetto agli altri, non costituisce di per sè una via obbligata verso la discriminazioni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e il razzismo</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>L&#8217;interfecondità della specie umana<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e il noto fenomeno<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della continuità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>morfologica delle razze geografiche che, nei punti di confine, si fondono l&#8217;una nell&#8217;altra senza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>soluzione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di continuità <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dimostrano che <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>modesti ed armoniosi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rimescolamenti del pool genetico hanno costituito<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la norma<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(-Biasutti R.. 1953-1957..) Vol.II° Parte Prima, cap. VII°: La genetica umana <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e il metamorfismo razziale p.360;- Herder (1784 citato da- Leigheb M.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1979 p. 5 ). Allo stesso modo sfumano l&#8217;uno nell&#8217;altro i dialetti umani<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nelle regioni di confine, in perfetta sintonia sociobiologica e coevoluzione filogenetica , con la funzione di convergenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dei dialetti degli uccelli. Si veda il famoso esempio del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>riconoscimento del <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>&#8220;caro nemico&#8221;, caratteristica che<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>permette di essere neutrali ed evitare conflitti dispersivi .Ad esempio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></strong>.&#8221; <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Molti uccelli territoriali – racconta Francesco Dessì Fulgheri, docente di etologa all’università di Firenze – come la cinciallegra, l’usignolo, il pettirosso, instaurano con i propri confinanti un “patto di non belligeranza”. È la teoria del &#8220;Caro Nemico&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>io non entro nel tuo spazio ma tu non entri nel mio, altrimenti sono botte». Insomma, un po’ come capita agli uomini, prima di aprire le ostilità ci si pensa due volte&#8221;.</em> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:PFfSZjDgWmkJ:www.focus.it/animali/speciali/Guerra_e_pace_tra_gli_animali_2.aspx+%22caro+nemico%22+etologia+uccelli&amp;cd=2&amp;hl=it&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=</span></span></em> (parole chiave: caro nemico etologia uccelli).Vedi anche:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="color: black;">Veen J. (1987</span>&#8211;</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;">A proposito della tendenza della specie umana all&#8217;ibridazione (che ricordiamolo produce non già<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la degenerazione degli ibridi, ma il loro &#8220;lussureggiamento&#8221; ovvero, un miglioramento biologico generale delle discendenza di prima generazione, alla condizione che<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>i due partner siano portatori<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di caratteri genetici nè troppo vicini, nè troppo distanti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span></span>Kluckhohon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>C.(1967 pp.110.111 ) ha citato alcuni esempi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sulla <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tendenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>umana alla ibridazione:come quello dell&#8217;assorbimento di un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>notevole numero di negri nell&#8217;Inghilterra del 1700, del <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dono delle mogli agli stranieri nella prostituzione sacra dell&#8217;età classica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dell&#8217;effettivo completo</strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;"> assorbimento dei negri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nel Messico, ove in un certo periodo erano in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>maggioranza </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;">Ma allora come mai si può arrivare a forme arroganti ed esibizionistichedi </span>etnocentrismo che sfociano in razzismo esasperato e genocida (nazismo e naziskin- Ku Klux Klan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>?), o in attacchi di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>xenofobia</strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;"> acuta come la caccia all&#8217; extracomunitario clandestino<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Rosarno </span>(diecine di pagine su Google riguardanti la rivolta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>10 gennaio 2010) ?</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.libero-news.it/news/323672/Rosarno__lavoro_nero__frutti_d_oro.html</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;">problemi che sembrano ben lungi dall&#8217;e4ssere stati </span>risolti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">24/06/2010<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;Mai più Rosarno&#8221;, tante promesse e nulla di fatto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: Didot; color: blue;">http://roma.indymedia.org/node/21928</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Si tratta di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>atti criminali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>da non <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>confondersi con delle legittime espressioni di insofferenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>verso forme intollerabili di degrado a chiunque esso debba venir addebitato. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;">Le risposte stanno nelle teoria dell&#8217;ambivalenza <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e della sua ritualizzazione in ambito etno-antropologico, poichè l&#8217;</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">uomo è disturbato da una condizione di costitutiva ambivalenza emotiva, dipendente <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalla <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>condizione di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Neotenia che comporta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>immaturità psico-fisica. </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">( Bertocchi A <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2003</span></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">- </span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">www.ecoantropologia.net)</span></span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Didot;"></span></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">In estrema sintesi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la Neotenia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotenia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></em><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">(detta anche Eterocronia </span></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterocronia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></em><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>è quel processo per cui gli stati giovanili dei progenitori, diventano gli stati adulti dei discendenti, combinando stati di sviluppo accelerati e stati di sviluppo rallentati. Esempio classico è quello dell’Axolotl, urodelo messicano che vive e si riproduce allo stato larvale. (Gould S.:1977 rist. 2002). Si ritiene che la Neotenia abbia svolto un ruolo nella Macroevoluzione e che i vertebrati siano derivati da girini di tunicati diventati sessualmente maturi (Luria S. Gould S.G. e Singer S. 1983 pp. 563-65).</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Nella specie umana<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la condizione neotenica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>è potenzialmente svantaggiosa, perché la rende<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>idonea alla funzione riproduttiva quando il resto del suo organismo si trova ancora, rispetto alle altre antropomorfe, in uno stato di immaturità psico-affettiva (fetalizzazione). In essa è implicita una costitutiva ambivalenza emotiva e cognitiva nei confronti dello stesso oggetto. Di qui il disorientamento, verso il pool informazionale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>degli input ambientali (Ecofonti),</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>percepito come “caos”, e la difficoltà nel selezionare prontamente quelli significativi e affidabili per la sopravvivenza.<br />
La selezione naturale premiò allora quelle società che furono in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>grado, non solo di curare una prole inetta, ma di portarla all&#8217;età riproduttiva, attraverso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>l’elaborazione di anelli di retroazione informazionale equivalenti a mappe cognitive ecologicamente valide per la sopravvivenza a lungo termine, dell&#8217; unità coevolutiva<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>formata dalla integrazione tra il sistema <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>socio-economico e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>quello ecologico, ovvero tra il sistema e l&#8217;ambiente ecologico e sociale. Come il concetto di co-evoluzione <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>abbia superato il darwinismo sociale, ancora utilizzato come chiave di lettura in ambito filosofico e teologico, è ben teorizzato da Bateson G. ( 1985 p. 503 &#8220;</span></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">Ora cominciamo a scorgere<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>alcuni degli errori epistemologici<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della civiltà occidentale .In armonia col clima<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di pensiero che predominava<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>verso la metà dell&#8217;Ottocento in Inghilterra, Darwin formulò una teoria<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della selezione naturale e dell&#8217;evoluzione , in cui l&#8217;unità di sopravvivenza era o la famiglia, o la specie, o la sottospecie o qualcosa del <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>genere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ma oggi è pacifico che non è questa l&#8217;unità di sopravvivenza nel mondo biologico<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>reale : l&#8217;unità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>di sopravvivenza è l&#8217;individuo più l&#8217;ambiente<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Stiamo imparando sulla nostra pelle<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che l&#8217;organismo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che distrugge l&#8217;ambiente distrugge sè stesso&#8221;.</span></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">Tali anelli di retroazione informazionale equivalenti a mappe cognitive ecologicamente <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>valide, corrispondono ai sistemi ricorsivi mito-rito e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ai loro contenitori simbolici, grazie ai quali le società di interesse etnologico e folklorico hanno saputo esercitare il processo metaforico che va considerato come una vera e propria funzione biologica </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>specie-specifica</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">( si veda Bateson G. 1989, 1997)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Dunque la differenza tra mappe cognitive ecologicamente valide e invalide, sta proprio nella codificazione epistemologica. Ovvero nel modo in cui le norme sociali vengono teorizzate ed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>applicate. I sistemi metaforici dei popoli di tradizione orale, sono codificati in sistemi mito-rito che,essendo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>fondati sull’epistemologia del sacro-immanente, rispettano, in teoria e in pratica, la natura e, contestualmente, anche l’uomo ,in quanto sua componente attiva, partecipe, responsabile. Al contrario, i nostri sistemi metaforici sono corrotti dall’asservimento alla pubblicità e al consumismo,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>perché<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hanno espulso il sacro immanente dalla religione e dalle ideologie laiche dominanti, con la conseguenza pratica di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>un comportamento individuale e collettivo, all&#8217;insegna del <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disprezzo generalizzato verso la vita. .Ne è derivato un relativismo dei valori, che induce alla giustificazione dei<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>crimini ecologici e sociali, e invoca l’avvento di una bioetica globale . (Chiarelli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>B. 1993-(2003):</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Studiando tali tipi di cultura, si può agevolmente rilevare che, presso le società<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in cui la Neotenia è compensata da processi di codificazione magico-religiosa, viene elaborata per ogni <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diversa nicchia ecologica la varietà culturale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e razziale ad essa isomorfa, che risulta <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dotata di un alto gradi di adattabilità al variare degli ecosistemi nello spazio e nel tempo, </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">Al contrario il disadattamento è la conseguenza di processi di deculturazione che sostituiscono all´epistemologia cibernetica del sistema mito-rito, quelle che </span>Bateson G. ( 1966- rist. 1985 ) </strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">ha denunciato come “Patologie dell´Epistemologia” </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong></span></span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8220;a)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Noi contro l’ambiente.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>b) Noi contro altri uomini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>c)  È il singolo (o la singola compagnia, o la singola nazione) che conta.<br />
d)  Possiamo avere un controllo unilaterale sull’ambiente e dobbiamo sforzarci di raggiungerlo.<br />
e)  Viviamo all’interno di una “frontiera” che si espande all’infinito.<br />
f)  Il determinismo economico è cosa ovvia e sensata. g)  La tecnica ci permetterà di attuarlo</span></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Noi sosteniamo che queste idee si sono semplicemente dimostrate false alla luce delle grandi, ma in definitiva distruttive, conquiste della nostra tecnica negli ultimi centocinquant’anni. Allo stesso modo esse si rivelano false alla luce della moderna storia ecologica. La creatura che la spunta contro il suo ambiente distrugge se stessa.</span></span></span></em></p>
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href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/bertocchi_001.jpg"><span style="color: #666666; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> <img class="rg_i" 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" alt="" width="165" height="172" /></span></a><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/bertocchi_001.jpg"></a></span></span></span></span></em><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">  Fig. 1 - La dinamica della crisi ecologica.</span></span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>La crisi ecologica si deve alle “patologie dell’epistemologia”. G. Bateson: Verso un’ecologia della mente Adelphi Milano 1976 Parte 6° pag. 498-515.</span></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;"><img class="rg_i" 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" alt="" width="175" height="109" /></span></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">Fig. 2 Loop da Bertalanffy L. Von (1983),-</span></em></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"> Ponendo in relazione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>questo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>il modello con quello di Bateson( Bertocchi A. (1994 pp 22-23; 2008 con PPT) riusciamo ad evidenziare le due fasi della catastrofe ecologica, dall’esplosione autocatalitica, all’implosione del Loop, ovvero l’autostrangolamento mediante cappio</span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;"></span></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Pertanto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la lacerazione e/o<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la distruzione <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>delle mappe cognitive ecologicamente valide che consentivano, la variabilità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bio-culturale , l&#8217; identità e l&#8217;adattamento, vengono sostituite dal vuoto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>semantico ed etico di mappe anti-cognitive<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ed ecologicamente&#8221;invalide&#8221;e invalidanti, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>che riducono l&#8217;individuo e la società alla dimensione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rattrappita della omologazione bio-culturale che cancella le identità etniche e riduce le persone a macchine passive addestrate al <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>consumo e allo spreco..</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Ma tutto ciò non basta, viene anche inculcato il falso insegnamento che tutto ciò costituisca &#8220;libertà&#8221;e progresso. Si tratta invece di induzione al crimine contro gli <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>altri e contro sè stessi, ovvero si incoraggiano distruttività ed autodistruttività </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">I contenitori simbolici dei miti e dei riti invece, codificano <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>relazioni adattative, con cui<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>riescono a risolvere e prevenire<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>i conflitti di ambivalenza emotiva, abilitando<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>l&#8217;uomo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>al controllo della <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hybris e alla capacità di <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>far prevalere l´empatia e il rispetto sacrale per la vita in tutte le sue manifestazioni</span> , sull&#8217;odio e l&#8217;egoismo.</strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"> (</span> Bertocchi A  (2006 ; 2007).</strong></span></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I contenitori simbolici devono quindi venir indagati e classificati con gli strumenti dell´Antropologia Generale e dell´epistemologia Cibernetica. Si tratta di un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nuovo campo di studi da me aperto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>per il quale cerco collaboratori ,disposti a lavorare per recuperare quella capacità di adattamento bio-culturale che ci aveva fatto degni di partecipare al grande gioco della Coevoluzione. </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">Dunque<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>l&#8217;</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">ambivalenza <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>affettiva<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e cognitiva, che<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>deriva dal danneggiamento o dalla distruzione dei sistemi di tipo magico-religioso, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>induce instabilità per la difficoltà di padroneggiare pulsioni configgenti, che non riguardano solo uno stesso oggetto, ma che sono esse stesse <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>intrinsecamente ambivalenti (Klein M. in E. F. G. 1991; </span>Klein M., Rivière 1969: Klein M. 1998).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Già ne prese nota il <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reik<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Th. (<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1977 )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che, traendo spunto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dalla<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>lezione freudiana (Il tabù e l&#8217;ambivalenza del sacro / Freud S. 1982 cap. 2 ) si è inoltrato ad indagare con sguardo antropologico, nella complessità <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>delle dinamiche emotive ambivalenti disciplinate dal rito della Couvade, rendendoci consapevoli di quanto sia indispensabile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la codificazione di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sistemi mito-rito<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>idonei a ritualizzare l&#8217;ambivalenza emotiva, in modo che prevalga la capacità di &#8220;far fronte&#8221; in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>modo equilibrato , a situazioni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>potenzialmente destabilizzanti per la psiche<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>individuale e sociale (esplorate da<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Bertocchi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>A. 1995 ; </span>1996 a</strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">) </span>1996 b )</strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> </span>Zlotnik Polina<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1997-a cura di )</strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Non a caso l&#8217;ambivalenza costituisce una dinamica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>immanente al sacro . L&#8217;argomento, è stato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>introdotto da Otto R. (1966<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ed. or. 1917 ) con la teoria del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;Numinoso&#8221; come &#8220;fascinans e tremendum&#8221; .E&#8217; stato centrato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>principalmente da Eliade <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M.</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> <strong>(1981) :Ambivalenza assiologica del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sacro: il</strong></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> tabù e l&#8217;ambivalenza del sacro p.19 e seg.):&#8221;</strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L&#8217;ambivalenza del sacro non è<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>esclusivamente di carattere psicologico (nella misura in cui attira o respinge ) ha anche un </em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">carattere assiologico</span>; il sacro è nello stesso tempo &#8220;sacro e &#8220;contaminato&#8221;.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></em><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Studi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>da me approfonditi (<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Bertocchi A. 1993;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1995). Mentre<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span><a name="OLE_LINK16"></a><a name="OLE_LINK15"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Bateson G. (1936<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>; 1966- rist. 1985 ; 1984,; 1989:;1997 ) con la sua epistemologia del&#8221;Sacro Immanente&#8221; nell&#8217;ecologia della mente universale del cosmo e della Natura,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ci ha offerto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gli strumenti sistemici per la dimostrazione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>scientifica dell&#8217;isomorfismo epistemologico tra la concezione del “sacro <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>immanente&#8221; codificata <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nella struttura<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>profonda dei dai contenitori simbolici<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di tipo magico-religioso, e l&#8217;epistemologia cibernetica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>utilizzata<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dalla teoria della comunicazione contemporanea </span></span></a></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="left"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">( Wilden A(1978). </strong></span></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Anche l&#8217;indagine linguistico-genealogica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e semantica, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ha riscontrato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>molte lingue le parole che indicano l&#8217;ospite contengono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>significato bivalente. In<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>italiano la radice latina &#8220;ost&#8221; compare in parole di opposto significato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>come &#8220;Oste&#8221; (albergatore che ospita) e </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8220;ostilità&#8221;Interessante la parola &#8220;Ostia&#8221; che significa &#8220;vittima&#8221; oggetto ambivalente</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>per eccellenza, connesso alla esecrazione (della vittima) (se vittima è il nemico) o connesso al </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">culto e al sacro (se la vittima è sacrificale). Il circuito è saldato dal sacrificio (Frazer J. C. op.cit :p.673 vol. II°<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>L&#8217;episodio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di Lityerse).</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L&#8217;ambivalenza intrinseca alla parola&#8221;Ospite&#8221; poi,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>proviene dal duplice significato del latino </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8220;Hospes&#8221;che significa tanto l&#8217;ospitante,quanto l&#8217;ospitato. Come in Italiano ( Koening J. (1978)<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L&#8217;ambivalenza, se non adeguatamente ritualizzata con i modelli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>affidabili di sicura<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>efficacia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>simbolica, produce una <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>continua instabilità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>psichica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nella vita quotidiana, che può sfociare in esiti tragici (Cappellari</strong> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>R. (2005 <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.psychiatryonline.it/ital/current.htm )</span></span></em><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">L’idea del sacro come ambivalente è certamente quella più umanizzante , perché riconosce<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>complessità della psiche umana</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">E’l’unica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>idea sulla quale poter costruire una teoria forte di tipo sistemico, utilizzando gli apporti dei <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>padri fondatori <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di cui sopra. Infatti l’</span>&#8216;ambivalenza ha radici filogenetiche e la sua<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ritualizzazione risolve problemi di <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ambivalenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>affettiva e cognitiva, sia nell’animale che nell’uomo .</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Eibl- Eibesfeld<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>I .(1977 pp. 236 e seg. ) descrive <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>un rito di ospitalità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>degli indios<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Waika<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Yanomani<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Orinoco superiore) che ben esemplifica il contenuto ambivalente dell’affettività verso lo straniero, di fronte al quale vengono messe in scena le due funzioni fondamentali e polari del comportamento espressivo umano:l&#8217;imposizione e l&#8217;acquietamento, che hanno radici nella storia naturale (vedi oltre).</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L&#8217;imposizione viene impersonata da guerrieri danzanti, l&#8217;acquietamento dai fanciulli, che li seguono agitando foglie in segno di pace. La pantomima , nella sua struttura sistemica, realizza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>una sequenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rappresentativa che <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dialettizza <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in un&#8217;unità funzionale sincronica : </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">espulsione sociale (aggressività) e attrazione sociale (simpateticità) svolgendo l&#8217;ambivalenza pulsionale tra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tensione e distensione (Eibl-Eibesfeld 1977 ivi p.104) verso un processo evolutivo, diretto alla fondazione o alla riconferma di equilibrati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>legami<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sociali.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">T</span></span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">avola n. 1. : Imposizione e acquietamento nel rito di Ospitalità dei Waika (Yanomani Orinoco<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Eibl-Eibesfeld<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1977<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>fig.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>63</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><img id="rg_hi" class="rg_hi" style="width: 300px; height: 168px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT3MGdYiIpM--Q047waVpF7nxKiivlckPaLHtxGUMCIfWqYaO1g" alt="" width="300" height="168" /></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> p.241 </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il gruppo, mostrando nello stesso tempo la proprio potenzialità di aggressione e la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>propria volontà di pacificazione, pone le premesse perchè<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>il<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nuovo venuto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>si disponga a collaborare all&#8217;anello successivo: lo scambio dei doni (Bertocchi A. (2007 b). Infatti è la capacità di &#8220;donare, ricevere, contraccambiare&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Mauss M. 2001) in modo da rispettare<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la reciproca dignità, costituisce la qualità <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>che rende pienamente uomini. Essa <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>può venir acquisita solo attraverso appositi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>riti di iniziazione Per questo lo straniero viene messo alla prova da<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>una società che possiede queste capacità e le pratica, in quello che ha tutte le caratteristiche di un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>processo di inculturazione che prevede una sequenza di passaggi ,che variamente include:separazione, margine, aggregazione, come<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>teorizzato dal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Van<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Gennep A. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1981: cap. III° :Gli individui e i raggruppamenti ). Egli,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ha accreditato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>alla categoria del &#8220;sacro&#8221;, essa stessa bivalente, in sintonia con Eliade , la figura dello straniero e, pur non connettendo in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>modo esplicito<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>le reazioni di ambivalenza bruta alla assenza-obsolescenza del rituale e, al contrario, le reazioni di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>integrazione sociale inter-etnica ed interculturale<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>alla sua presenza operativa,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ci reca esempi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che, nella tradizione del Frazer J .G 1965<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( Rapporti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>coi forestieri : pp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>305 e seg.) e del Crawley<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>E. ( pp. 141, 239, 250 e seg.) possono fornirci <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>una prospezione dialettica di queste dinamiche pulsionali psicosociali , tale da contribuire<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a supportare le più recenti acquisizioni sul valore ecologico, sociologico e sistemico del rito magico-religioso. Egli contestualizza e classifica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>i riti di ospitalità, nel più vasto quadro dei riti di passaggio con cui condividono la struttura tripartita di “ separazione, margine, aggregazione &#8221; che ben<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>modellizzano le dinamiche di &#8220;Amore-odio-,riparazione &#8221; scoperte da Klein M. e <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rivière<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>J. (1969).</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Essi mostrano, nelle società che riescono a trasmetterli in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>modo integro alle nuove generazioni, una funzionalità ottimativa, nella gestione reciprocitaria dei rapporti sciali</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">con estranei , mentre la loro assenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>consegna i potenziali interlocutori a reazioni estreme, cortocircuitanti la comunicazione (repulsione paranoica, fobia aggressiva<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>da un lato, attrazione-esaltazione maniacale dall&#8217;altro<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Van Gennep op..cit. p.23 )</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In particolare nella fase di &#8220;margine&#8221;si verifica assuefazione, che allenta le tensioni e poco per volta sostituisce la diffidenza, con la curiosità intelligente di conoscere finalmente questo &#8220;altro&#8221; nei cui confronti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ci si sente pronti ad un confronto leale <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nel rispetto pieno delle reciproche identità. Rispetto che costituisce il prerequisito di ogni dialogo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>autentico</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Infatti nella dicotomia odio/amore,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Eibl-Eibesfeld<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( 1977 ivi p.104 ) concepisce la pulsione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in essa ambivalente,come caratterizzata da desiderio ad un tempo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di tensione e di distensione</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Per questo è necessario che<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la ritualizzazione del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>periodo di &#8220;margine&#8221; sia condotta in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>modo da<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>placare l&#8217;eccitazione odio-amore e lasciarla scorrere verso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>una più serena curiosità e un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>maggior distacco emozionale, così da aprire canali di comunicazione convergenti.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">E proprio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>quello che documenta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la Sociobiologia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>per il fenomeno del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;caro nemico &#8220;(vedi sopra) dal quale probabilmente, i nostri antenati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hanno<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tratto il modello<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rituale codificato al livello<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di coscienza umana. Nella spiegazione di Wilson E.O.( 1983 pp.283-284) che imposta il problema dell&#8217;ambivalenza dal punto di vista sociobiologico ( Wilson e:O ivi pp. 3, 135, 570) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gli stessi meccanismi che lo rendono possibile, (assuefazione, esposizione ripetuta ) entrano in gioco <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>come stiamo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>constatando, anche nell&#8217;uomo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>durante la fase di &#8220;margine&#8221; dei riti di ospitalità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e permettono alle due parti, dapprima di abituarsi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>alla reciproca presenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e poi di diventare disponibili, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>per<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>il sopravvento dell&#8217;attrazione, a &#8220;sacrificare&#8221;qualcosa per andare incontro all&#8217;altro (dono, modificazione di usi linguistici nell&#8217;uomo, flessione del dialetto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>negli uccelli).</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Come si vede<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gli atteggiamenti di discriminazione possono costituire<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>il risultato di premesse<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>erronee che costringono le persone e i gruppi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>incolpevoli ad improvvisarsi in qualche modo difensori della propria<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>incolumità e dignità, prima ancora di potersi occupare della difesa e del recupero di quella tanto vituperata identità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Remotti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>F. 1996) di cui molto spesso </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">sono stati essi stessi espropriati dai processi di deculturazione . Essendo stato il pensiero magico-religioso di tipo folklorico un <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>innocente bersaglio <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nei secoli, sia da parte ebraico-cristiana<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(con demonizzazioni persecuzioni e genocidi)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che da parte laica(con irrisioni e svalutazioni).La globalizzazione ha innescato un processo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mercificatorio di beni naturali e <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>relazioni ecologiche e sociali , imponendo vili strategie di ecocidio-etnocidio-suicidio su scala planetaria, creando dipendenza con l&#8217; espropriazione economica e culturale, e pretendendo di far affluire con l&#8217;aiuto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>delle mafie, masse di immigrati clandestini brutalmente schiavizzati, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>da sfruttare come mano d&#8217;opera <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sottopagata , in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>modo da abbassare, per la legge della domanda e dell&#8217;offerta, il costo della mano d&#8217;opera locale fino a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>livelli insostenibili per la sopravvivenza minima quotidiana, pur di abbassare il costo di produzione in vista della competizione sul mercato globale. Come dimostra il <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>caso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>limite di Rosarno <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(vedi sopra) con i comportamenti criminali della caccia al l&#8217;immigrato, che non si sarebbero mai verificati se l&#8217;impatto con queste persone non fosse stato forzato, e deculturante. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Non si può<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pretendere<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che cittadini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>incolpevoli e inermi , potenzialmente molto ospitali , in queste condizioni, si sentano in obbligo di <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>essere ospitali. Neppure è giusto colpevolizzarli <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>come <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>responsabili di una situazione di cui è responsabile invece <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>l&#8217;ingordigia della globalizzazione multinazionale. Non si può esigere da operai esposti ai capricci del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mercato, e da cittadini invasi, di essere &#8220;ospitali&#8221; verso una massa di persone espropriate di tutto e alle quali il sistema sociopolitico europeo è il primo a non riconoscere alcun diritto</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Bisogna agire sui<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>giganteschi e perversi meccanismi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della globalizzazione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e frenare il processo suicida per la specie da essi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>innescati . Un compito altamente impegnativo, di correzione di errori madornali, che può venir intrapreso solo dai sistemi sociopolitici stessi che lo hanno dissennatamente imposto al mondo. Essi soli ne detengono gli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>strumenti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tecnologici e culturali. Nessuna ribellione armata potrebbe riuscirci, anche se, purtroppo potrebbe uscire dal controllo.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Nel problema della corretta gestione dell&#8217;ospitalità dunque, entrano in gioco meccanismi particolarmente delicati, sistemi di ritualizzazione complessi, essenziali <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>per la sopravvivenza a lungo termine che sono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ben radicati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nella filogenesi.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Pertanto l&#8217;imposizione e l&#8217;acquietamento vengono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>espressi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>attraverso gestualità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>compiute in contesti più o meno ritualizzati, oltre che dai vertebrati superiori, persino dai rettili,animali non sociali, tanto è importante<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>il contributo che <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>la vita di ogni singolo membro può<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>portare alla sua sopravvivenza a lungo termine della sua specie. Essa non <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>deve essere sprecata<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nel&#8217;aggressività non <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ritualizzata che può derivare dagli equivoci della comunicazione</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">sia inter che infra-specie. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Ad esempio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>anche<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>le lucertole<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>usano<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>posizioni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di sottomissione proprio come i lupi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>((Eibl-Eibesfeld<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1977 op. cit p.136<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>). Heymer A. (1987 )cita l&#8217;espressione di saluto del cavallo e del gabbiano comune che possiede un ricco repertorio di posture, studiato da Timbergen N.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1984 parte III° ).La postura obliqua del gabbiano comune ( Krebs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>J.R. e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Davies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>R. .B<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1987 p.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>264 )e il suo rituale di saluto, che contiene due gesti di minaccia: la posizione eretta e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>protesa in avanti sono esempi classici di comportamento ambivalente atto a risolvere<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la psicogenesi di situazioni attivanti conflitti emozionali. (Heymer A. (1987<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ivi). </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><a class="image" href="/w/index.php?title=Datei:Aggression_in_Larus_novaehollandiae.jpg&amp;filetimestamp=20080730003522"><img class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aggression_in_Larus_novaehollandiae.jpg/220px-Aggression_in_Larus_novaehollandiae.jpg" alt="" width="220" height="146" /></a></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drohstarren">http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drohstarren</a></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>comportamento di saluto con componenti di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>minaccia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>che integra imposizione e </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">acquietamento <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in un unico attore , è presente anche nell&#8217;uomo</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Saluto con componente di minaccia di un guerriero dell&#8217;Uganda. Eibl-Eibesfeld <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I. (1977 fig. 59 p. 222</span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: DE;" lang="DE"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IT; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="DE">)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: DE;" lang="DE"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: DE;" lang="DE"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: red; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IT; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="DE">T</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">uttavia l&#8217;aspetto più interessante e altrettanto trascurato <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>della applicazione della teoria dell&#8217;ambivalenza al campo etno-antropologico, è quello delle insidiose dinamiche della polarità attrattiva. Infatti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>anche lo slancio simpatetico verso l&#8217;altro può celare pericoli, qualora non venga adeguatamente ritualizzato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>e posto in equilibrio con<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la ritualizzazione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dell&#8217;aspetto repulsivo.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Popoli che<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hanno ceduto alla curiosità irrefrenabile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e all&#8217;eccessiva compassione verso gli stranieri (si veda come Cristoforo Colombo tradì vilmente i popoli che lo accolsero e lo soccorsero in pace ) a volte<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>persino nei casi limiti eccedendo nella fiducia e diviniazzandoli ,</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">trascurando di imporre <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>loro adeguati margini&#8221; e norme reciprocitarie. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il famoso caso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Cortez-Montezuma, dimostra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>chiaramente come<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>l&#8217;eccessiva arrendevolezza verso l&#8217;invasore abbia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>provocato <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>un discontrollo dell&#8217;intera situazione relazionale, tale da<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>venir pagata a caro prezzo dagli ospitanti. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L&#8217;approfondimento<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di questi problemi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>potrà portare alla corretta impostazione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>delle relazioni <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fra :rito magico-religioso, cerimoniale ed etichetta. Categorie non di rado considerate equivalenti nella letteratura etno.antropolgica. (Valeri V. 1978 ; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bertelli S. e Crifò G. 1985). Mentre,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rispetto al rito magico-religioso, l&#8217;etichetta e il cerimoniale, costituiscono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>formalismi, nei quali la struttura profonda ha subito manipolazioni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pseudo-culturali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tali da pervertirne l&#8217;efficacia simbolica e pratica, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e da ridurli ad atti di servilismo nei confronti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di chi crea dipendenza e abuso di potere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>La funzione di ritualizzazione dell&#8217;ambivalenza <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ne risulta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>stravolta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nel suo contrario : il mantenimento angosciosa della sua scissione </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Conclusioni </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Spero di aver dato qualche<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>contributo nell&#8217;evidenziare l&#8217;alta complessità socio-sistemica</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">che caratterizza la relazione con lo straniero<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e il trattamento dell&#8217;Ospitalità , oltre a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>qualche incremento di autoconoscenza etno- antropologica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>scientificamente intesa , ovvero che consideri l&#8217;uomo una specie naturale, i cui problemi relazionali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>affondano nella filogenesi e nelle sociobiologia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Se adottato nella teoria e nella pratica, questo approccio potrebbe risultare utile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>per poter gestire<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>questo ed altri problemi di comunicazione , in modo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pacifico e nel rispetto di tutti, aiutando i popoli a casa loro .</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L&#8217;indagine <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cibernetica del rito magico-religioso, ci insegna che i contatti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>non<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>devono essere violenti e brutali, ma armoniosi e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>liberi. Che i contraenti la comunicazione <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>devono essere dotati di pari dignità. Una dignità che deriva dalla<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ineludibile condizione che, sia la parte ospitante che la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>parte<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ospitata.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>siano dotate di identità etnica. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Altrimenti il confronto riguarda<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>entità incomunicabili, disumanizzate.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>motivazioni del loro incontro devono essere quelle di uno scambio pacifico in un contesto di libertà di movimenti reciproci<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e non quelle della mercificazione schiavistica degli uni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>per il mero vantaggio economico degli altri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(gli altri&#8230; siamo noi). Altrimenti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ne derivano<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>inevitabilmente il caos comunicazionale, l&#8217;incomunicabilità, l&#8217;incomprensione, il conflitto <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fino allo sterminio di massa,</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A proposito del problema dell&#8217;identità, l&#8217;antropologia culturale italiana si è macchiata di superficialità,avallando in modo sia implicito che esplicito (Remotti F <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1996 cap. 5 :</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L&#8217;identità armata) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>l&#8217;equivoco (imperante anche a livello mass mediale)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che sia legittimo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>il dare per scontato che la sua rivendicazione produca conflitti etnici . </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Al contrario, è proprio dalla mancanza di identità, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>antropologicamente intesa, ovvero quella assistita dai riti magico-religiosi dell&#8217;Ospitalità <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>che nasce un vuoto semantico , una sete <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>assillante di identità che viene soddisfatta con l&#8217;acqua inquinata e avvelenata dei fondamentalismi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ideologie dogmatiche e monoteistiche che violano<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>i dispositivi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bio-culturali del processo metaforico,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>impedendone il loro sano esercizio per mezzo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>delle codificazioni mito-rito di tipo magico-religioso. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Tali fondamentalismi monoteistici<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>costituiscono essi stessi i presupposti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di quelle patologie dell&#8217;epistemologia di cui Bateson<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ci ha dato un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>primo elenco (vedi sopra) e sono il risultato catastrofico dell&#8217;ambivalenza scissa <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>che, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>non potendo essere ritualizzata secondo le leggi </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">co-evolutive <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>specie-specifiche, si arrende al lato oscuro e vaneggia di superiorità inesistenti, dell&#8217;uomo sulle natura, e di alcuni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>popoli &#8220;sedicenti eletti &#8221; o a vario titolo &#8220;superiori &#8220;ad <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>altri , i quali, non si capisce perchè debbano essere costretti ad<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>acculturarsi forzatamente ai nostri modelli culturali, di cui stiamo sperimentando sulla nostra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pelle, il fallimento, la disumanizzazione e l&#8217;impotenza co-evolutiva.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>In realtà i nostri <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>solo modelli pseudo-culturali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dalla enorme efficacia distruttiva di relazioni, popoli ed ecosistemi , che incoraggiano e giustificano in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nome del profitto ad ogni costo, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>un <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>folle <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ed enorme <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>scempio di risorse ambientali ed umane, che non ha precedenti nella storia dell&#8217;umanità</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(si veda l&#8217;ultima catastrofe inarrestabile, quella della marea nera<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della B.P. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">http://it.euronews.net/2010/06/16/marea-nera</span></span></em></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">-obama-rilancia-rinnovabili-bp-paghera-promette</span></span></em><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">/</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.facebook.com</span></span></em></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fit.euronews.net%2F2010%2F06%2F16%2Fmarea-nera-obama-rilancia-rinnovabili-bp-paghera-promette%2F&amp;h=0e306zi-s4qxvzYX1KX0cQ28DKA </span></span></em><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e del disastro nucleare in Giappone</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Se non si sa cos&#8217;è l&#8217;identità, e ciò nonostante se ne parla a vanvera, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>si prendono lucciole per lanterne e, di conseguenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>enormi cantonate,.perchè, sfacciata o velata che sia ,è l&#8217;ignoranza il fondamento del pregiudizio e, specialmente quando si cammuffa da<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Antropolgia culturale. si rende essa stessa responsabile di discriminazioni, e di conseguenti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>comportamenti <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>più distruttivi.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Come dimostrato scientificamente ( Bertocchi A. .1993 ) considerare l&#8217;identità come<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>contenitore unico in cui possono convivere due concezioni opposte di cui quella erronea ha soppresso quella corretta <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>che viene costretta a fare la parte del fantasma, costituisce un abuso epistemologico fondato su errori categoriali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lo studio naturalistico della specie umana, invece ci apre orizzonti nuovi e salvifici ,tali da restituirci<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>innanzitutto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>l&#8217;identità di specie, sfigurata dal processo di disumanizzazione (Bertocchi A. 2006: 2007 a)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">www.ecoantropologia.net</span></span></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il rito salva le<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>identità di specie, di genere, di ruolo , ecologiche, individuali <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e sociali, rendendole integrabili<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in un unico sistema comunicazionale -relazionale che, nel caso della specie umana, che è ipercomplessa, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ha elaborato modelli complessi , soprattutto nella<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>loro struttura profonda (Quattrocchi P. 1989<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>cap .2 : La dialettica della complessità nella filosofia della biologia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>p.61 ), </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abbiamo bisogno di riappropriarci delle nostre identità tradizionali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>folkloriche ed etniche <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e dei loro significati relazionali profondi, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perchè esse ci conducono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>lungo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>percorso di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rigenerazione dell&#8217;identità di specie.(Bertocchi A. 2009)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L&#8217;impresa è potenzialmente possibile adottando un approccio ecomuseale di tipo sistemico </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Discorso recepito nell&#8217;ambito del Congresso Mondiale di Antropologia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tenutosi presso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la Yunnan University (Kunming- China </span><a href="https://www.icaes2009.org/"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;">https://www.icaes2009.org</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> (Bertocchi A. 2010)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abbiamo bisogno<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della cultura umana<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>quella vera, quella<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>antropologicamente intesa.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Quella che ottiene l&#8217;osservanza della norma attraverso il<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gioco sacro<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della metafora magico religiosa, come avviene in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>questa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>formula <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rituale degli indigeni della<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Nuova Caledonia raccolta da Marcel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Mauss<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( Saggio su dono cit,) che narra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della capacità umana<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>costruzione rituale e relazionale della cultura <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8220;Le nostre feste<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sono come il<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>movimento dell&#8217;ago che serve ad unire<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>parti della copertura di paglia della capanna<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>per farne un solo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>testo , , una sola parola.&#8221;</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Antonia Bertocchi </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Cremona 10 Luglio 2010</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong>Bibliografia </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong> </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong>Bateson G., 1936, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em>Naven. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Un rituale di travestimento nella Nuova Guinea</em>. Einaudi, Torino 1988.</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong>Bateson G., 1984,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><em>Mente e natura: un’unità necessaria</em>. Adelphi, Milano.</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong>Bateson G., 1966- rist. 1985, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em>Verso un’ecologia della mente</em>. Adelphi, Milano.</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Bateson G., Bateson M.C., 1989 : <em>Dove gli angeli esitano. Verso un’epistemologia del sacro</em><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> (con glossario)</span>. Adelphi, Milano.<br />
Bateson<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>G., 1997 : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><em>Una sacra unità. Altri passi verso un’ecologia della mente</em>. Adelphi, Milano</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><strong>Bertalanffy L. Von (1983) :<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Teoria generale dei sistemi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(T. G. S) . Fondamenti , sviluppo , applicazioni <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></em>Mondadori Milano<span style="color: #333333;"></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Bertelli S. e Crifò G. (1985 ) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Rituale,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Cerinoniale, Etichetta</em>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Bompiani, Milano<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong>Bertocchi Antonia ( 1993)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>: <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Il problema dell&#8217;etnocentrismo una impostazione cibernetica</em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>S.E.A.S : Studi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Etno.antropologici e sociologici<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>.Vol.21 Atena, Napoli-<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><strong>Bertocchi A. (1994 ) :<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L&#8217;Antropolgia Pedagogica, una prospettiva cibernetica</em>. (S.E.A.S.:Studi etno-antropologici e sociologici n. 22<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Atena 2000, Napoli.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><strong>Bertocchi Antonia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1995<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">): <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Il rito della Couvade nel suo rapporto ricorsivo col mito</em> . S.E.A.S (Studi Etno-Anropologici e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Sociologici vol.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>XXIII<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Atena editrice<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Napoli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.75pt; tab-stops: 41.75pt 259.75pt 397.75pt 486.75pt;"><strong>Bertocchi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Antonia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1996 a ) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alla ricerca della<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>paternalità perduta</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Quaderno Montessori N°49<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Castellanza, Varese<span>  </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Bertocchi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Antonia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1996 b): <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fondamenti antropologici della genitorialità. L&#8217;esempio della Couvade</em><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span>Educazione Prenatale..A.N.E.P. Italia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Pavia </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; background: #fef7d4;"><span><strong>Bertocchi Antonia (2003) “<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Il ruolo della Neotenia umana, nella variabilità genetica e culturale”</em> relazione presentata al XV Congresso A.A.I. sul tema: “Variabilità umana e storia del popolamento in Italia”, Università di Chieti, 28-30 Settembre 2003 ATTI pubblicati da Edigrafital, Teramo 2005). </strong><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>www.ecoantropologia.net</strong></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Bertocchi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Antonia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2006 ): “<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Il contributo del concetto antropologico di cultura al processo di umanizzazione”</em>, presentata al XVI Congresso A.A.I., (Università di Genova: 29-31 ottobre 2005) sul tema. “Il processo di Umanizzazione “. ATTI pubblicati da Edicolors Publishing, Milano 2006. CD Rom +DVD+ vol., </strong><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>www.ecoantropologia.net</strong></span></a><strong> <br />
Bertocchi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Antonia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2007 a):“<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Verso un concetto ecologico e bio-etico di cultura”</em> Relazione tenuta al Congresso . “L´Antropolgia lo stato dell´arte e le nuove frontiere”-( Prof, Chiarell :Lezione Magistrale)  Dipartimento di Biologia animale e dell´uomo Università di Torino, 25 settembre 2006 Versione didattica: rivista “ECO”, Educazione sostenibile- Torino, Febbraio 2007 Versione  integrale in  S.E.A.S (Studi Etno-antropologici e Sociologici  Atena Napoli  n.36-2008 </strong><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>www.ecoantropologia.net</strong></span></a><strong> </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Bertocchi Antonia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2007 b) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">:  Modelli esemplari del valore psicosociale ed ecologico del Pasto Sacro Comunitario in ambito etno-antropologico“</em>, Relazione presentata al X Congresso A.I.S.E.A sul tema: Cibo e alimentazione, tradizione, simboli, saperi”.-Roma, 5,6,7 luglio 2006 Centro Congressi C.N.R. pubblicata sulla rivista S.E.A.S.(Studi Etno-antropologici e Sociologici ), n°35- Napoli 2007. Pubblicata anche sulla rivista on-line dell´AISEA (</strong><a href="http://www.aisea.it/"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>http://www.aisea.it/</strong></span></a><strong>) Etnoantropologia n°2 - 2007-07-19.- </strong><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>www.ecoantropologia.net</strong></span></a><strong>  alla categoria   Relazioni Congressuali</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Bertocchi Antonia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2008  ):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’ Antropologia Pedagogica di Maria Montessori: un tesoro nascosto da riscoprire</em>.( </strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.ecoantropologias.net/"><span style="color: #0000ff;">http://www.ecoantropologias.net/</span></a><strong>con ppt</strong> )</span></em><strong>   Relazione tenuta al Congresso:  Evoluzione e  Biodiversità umana sul Tema:   “Comunicare l’Evoluzione umana” Museo di storia Naturale - Università di Firenze  11.12 Settembre 2008  </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><strong>Bertocchi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Antonia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(2009 -Forthcoming<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> ) Urgent tutelage of cultural diversity of Indigenous Poeples by applied Anthropology of Environmental Culture -</em> Prof. Mathur -Chairperson of Session/Panel :&#8221;Applied Anthropology, Development and Cultural Diversity &#8220;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>paper and Ppt. Humanity, Development and Cultural Diversity- The 16th World Congress-IUAES t. </strong></span><a href="https://www.icaes2009.org/"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">https://www.icaes2009.org</span></strong></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong> </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Bertocchi Antonia. ( 2010 ) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: L&#8217;ecomuseologia fra turismo sostenibile ed insostenibile: dalle emegnze sistemiche in campo teorico, alle applicazioni -</em> S. E..A.S. Studi Etno-antropologici<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Sociologici&#8211;Vol 38<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Edizioni S.E.A. S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Napoli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Traduzione italiana della relazione : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Forthcoming) <span style="font-family: &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">处于可持续和难持续旅游业之间的生态博物馆学：从理论场中的系统危机到实践应用中的系统诱导</span> &#8220;<em>Ecomuseology Between Sustainable and Untenable Tourism. <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">From Systemic Emergencies In Theoretical Field, to Systemic Induction in Practical Applications&#8221; Paper and Ppt: </span></em><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Humanity, Development and Cultural Diversity- The 16th World Congress-IUAES The <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences- hold from July 27 to July 31, 2009 in Kunming,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Yunnan University (Yunnan Province of China) Notice, Topics and Program of the Academic Sessions/Panels, IUAES 2009- </span></strong><a href="https://www.icaes2009.org/"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">https://www.icaes2009.org</span></strong></span></a><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> Chairperson of the Sssion 4-058 - Italy</p>
<p></span>Biasutti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Renato.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1953-1957..) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Le Razze e popoli della terra</em>. . Quattro volumi .Vol II° U.T.E.T. Torino<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>- Opera in quattro volumi. Vol. I, Razze, popoli e culture - Vol., II, Europa, Asia - Vol. III, Africa, Oceania - Vol. IV, America,</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Cappellari R. (2005):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L&#8217;ambivalenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>affettiva<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>nella quotidianità situazionale</em>.</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>\© POL_it 2005 Psicopatologia Fenomenologica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Documento.mht</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.psychiatryonline.it/ital/current.htm</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Chiarelli Brunetto:<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1993) ):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bioetica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Globale</em>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Pontecorboli , Firenze.<span style="color: blue;"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Chiarelli Brunetto<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span>(2003): <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dalla natura alla cultura</em>. Tre volumi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ed. Piccin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Padova.</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><strong>Crawley</strong></span><span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>E. (1903) : <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The mystic rose</em>. Londra</strong> ..<strong>Rist . 1927<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>New York : Boni &amp; Liveright.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><a name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a name="OLE_LINK3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Eibl-Eibesfeld<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>I .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>(1977 </span></strong></span></a><strong>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>: <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amore e odio</em> . Mondadori Milano </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 4.5pt;">Eliade Mircea (1981): <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trattato di storia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>delle religioni</em>, Boringhieri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Torino</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><strong>Gould Stephen Jay (1977): <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ontogeny and phylogeny</em>. Harvard University Press. (rist. 2002)</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Heymer Armin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1987):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dizionario di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Etologia</em> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';"><a href="http://www.unilibro.it/find_buy/findresult/libreria/prodotto-libro/editore-armando_editore_.htm"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Armando Editore</span></a></span> . Roma </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span>Klein Melanie (E.F.G. (1991): <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Enciclopedia Filosofica Garzanti</em>. Milano. Voce: ambivalenza.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><a name="OLE_LINK20"></a><a name="OLE_LINK19"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK20;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Klein M., Rivière J. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1969): <em></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amore, odio, riparazione</em>, Roma, Astrolab</span></strong></span></a><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Klein M.elanie (1998). <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Invidia e gratitudine</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Martinelli Psyco editore – Firenze</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Kluckhohon Clyde <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( 1967 ) : <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L&#8217;umanità allo specchio</em> . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tamburini, Milano<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Koening J. (1978) :Voce &#8220;Hospitality&#8221; in: Eliade<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Mircea ( 1978 a cura di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>):<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Enciclopedia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>of Religion </em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Mac Millan P.C.. </span>New York 1978.</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong>Krebs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>J.R. e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Davies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>R. .B<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1987) : <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ecologia re comportamento animale</em> .Boringhieri Torino</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Leigheb Maurizio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>(1979<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L&#8217;uomo nel Mondo</em>- Enciclopedia De Agostini Novara.</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;"><strong>Luria S.E., Gould S.J. Singer S. (1984):<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Una visione della vita. Introduzione alla biologia. Zanichelli, Bologna. Cap. 27: la Macroevoluzione, con trattazione alla Neotenia.</em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><a name="OLE_LINK16"></a><a name="OLE_LINK15"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Mauss Marcel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(2002</strong>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><strong><em>Saggio sul dono. Forma e motivo dello scambio nelle società arcaiche</em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, Einaudi Torino (titolo originale <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Essai sur le don. </span></em></strong></span></span></a><strong><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><em><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">Forme et raison de l&#8217;échange dans les sociétés archaïques</span></em></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">, 1° ed. 1925</span></em></span></span></strong><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">), <strong>Einaudi,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Torino</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><strong>Otto R. (1966<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ed or. 1917)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Il sacro,</em> Milano, Feltrinelli</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK15;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK16;"><strong>Quattrocchi Pietro<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>(1989 ):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Etica, scienza, complessità</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>cap .2 : La dialettica della complessità nella filosofia della biologia .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Franco angeli Milano </strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Reik Th.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1977):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Il rito religioso.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>La &#8220;couvade&#8221; e la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>psicogenesi della paura della rappresaglia.</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Boringhieri ,Torino</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Remotti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Francesco<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1996)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>: <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Contro<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>l&#8217;identità</em> . Laterza bari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Timbergen N.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(1984):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Naturalisti curiosi</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>.Rizzoli Milano</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Valeri V.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>(1978<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>:<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cerimoniale. </em>Voce in Enciclopedia Einaudi Torino</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Van<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Gennep A.( 1981- ed. or. </span>Parigi 1909<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I riti di passaggio</em> : cap. III° . Gli individui e i raggrup<span>pamenti - Boringhieri, Torino.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span><strong>Veen J. (1987) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ambivalence in the structure of display vocalization of gulls and terns: new evidence in favour of Tinbergen&#8217;s conflict hypothesis?</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Behaviour   <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ISSN</span> 0005-7959   <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">CODEN</span> BEHAA8  - 1987, vol. 100, n<sup>o</sup>1-4, pp. 33-49 (2 p.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Brill, Leiden, PAYS-BAS  (1948) </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Wilden Anthony (1978): <em></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Comunicazione</em></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</em> <strong>Voce della Enciclopedia Einaudi, Torino</strong></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Wilson E.O.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>( 1983<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Sociobiologia: La nuova sintesi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Zanichelli Bologna</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong>Zlotnik Polina<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( 1997-a cura di ) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Per<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>un approfondimento sul rito della Couvade<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e il suo ruolo nel processo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Paternalità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></em>D&amp;D (Donna e Donna). l giornale delle ostetriche. Centro studi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;Il marsupio&#8221; Firenze n. n.19<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Dicembre 1997 </strong></p>
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		<title>Principi antropologici e epistemologici come risposta al problema dell’esplosione demografica nei sistemi ecologici  e sociali .</title>
		<link>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2011/01/26/principi-antropologici-e-epistemologici-come-risposta-al-problema-dell%e2%80%99esplosione-demografica-nei-sistemi-ecologici-e-sociali/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Jan 2011 13:50:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia co-evoluzionistica]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia della Cultura Ambientale]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Antonia Bertocchi
Principi antropologici e epistemologici come risposta al problema dell’esplosione demografica nei sistemi  ecologici  e sociali .

TRADUZIONE ITALIANA  DELLA RELAZIONE
&#8220;Anthropological and epistemological sources as a reply to the problem of the control of the impact of the population explosion on the ecological and social systems”.
pubbkicata  alle categorie:  citate e corredata ivi, di figure e biblografia.

Abstract
L’attuale crescita [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.4pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Antonia Bertocchi</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.4pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Principi antropologici e epistemologici come risposta al problema dell’esplosione demografica nei sistemi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ecologici <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e sociali .</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.4pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.4pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">TRADUZIONE ITALIANA  DELLA RELAZIONE</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><em><strong>&#8220;Anthropological and epistemological sources as a reply to the problem of the control of the impact of the population explosion on the ecological and social systems”.</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><em><strong>pubbkicata  alle categorie:  citate e corredata ivi, di figure e biblografia.</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><em><strong></strong></em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abstract</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’attuale crescita esponenziale della popolazione mondiale sta infliggendo una ferita mortale alla biodiversità dei sistemi ecologici e alla qualità della vita sociale. Purtroppo i tentativi di opporsi a loro, risultano inadeguati, inapplicabili o autodistruttivi. Qualsiasi sistema politico che ha subito o imposto una libera economia di mercato (dal più democratico al più dispotico) provoca<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>situazioni di degrado ecologico e sociale, che poi non è più in grado di correggete. Inoltre, emergono contrapposizioni ideologiche e un’ interiorizzazione di categorie patologiche riguardanti il modo di intendere lo sviluppo, il consumismo, la crescita a tutti i costi e la supremazia economica, tecnologica e militare. Pertanto noi assistiamo ad una accanita competizione in cui il vincitore è colui il quale riesce a garantirsi, in qualsiasi modo, le ultime risorse di un pianeta al collasso.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Fortunatamente, contro tali posizioni deleterie e fuorvianti, si sta sviluppando una critica radicale. Non solo da parte di spontanei movimenti anti- global, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ma anche da parte di <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>esperti il cui alto livello scientifico ed etico, si pone l’obiettivo di sostituire la prevaricante teoria economica con la “Bio- economia”. E questa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>una forma di economia coerente con le leggi fondamentali della natura e in grado di affrontare la crescente amoralità/ immoralità grazie all’ottica della “Global Bioethics”. </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: "> <span style="font-size: x-small;">E&#8217; questa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>una forma di economia coerente con le leggi fondamentali della natura e in grado di affrontare la crescente amoralità/ immoralità grazie all’ottica della “Global Bioethics &#8221; il cui approccio si vale  <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">dell’intero campo interdisciplinare delle discipline<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>antropologiche, come proposto da B. Chiarelli (2003.2004)</span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Queste idee che agiscono nell’ambito di movimenti <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di sostegno alla “Deep Ecology” e “ Decrescita “ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>si stanno imponendo anche in Italia sulla spinta della rivoluzione epistemologica, traendo esempi modelli e dati  dell&#8217;esperienza etnostorica di dei popoli di intresse  etnologico. Essi  hanno codificato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nei contenitori<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>simbolici dei loro complessi sistemi mito-rito, la capacità di conseguire una sopravvivenza a lungo termine. Purtroppo i loro codici culturali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sono stati ignorati, derisi e demonizzati come irrazionali e stupidi dalla cultura occidentale. Solo gli strumenti concettuali dell’etnoantropologia ci permettono di cogliere la loro efficienza, come dispositivi in grado di rendere sacre le relazioni ecologiche e sociali e di autocontrollo demografico. Inoltre il loro valore, riconosciuto dai biologi evoluzionisti, è stato incluso in Epistemologia Cibernetica, che ci ha dato la possibilità di avvalerci di un imetodo ingegneristico per la riappropriazione del pensiero magico – religioso.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’uso di tali strumenti messi al servizio di processi di riappropriazione delle diverse <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>identità etniche<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nel contesto della comune<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>identità di specie, ci permette  di <span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>interpretare le immagini metaforiche non come rovinosa o vana fantasia, ma come una funzione biologica di adattamento. Su questa base è possibile <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prendere il controllo dei <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>processi della co-evoluzione, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>che riguardano i sistemi co-evolutivi uomo–società– natura, a cominciare dalla riduzione della pressione demografica in tutto il mondo. </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Introduzione </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Da qualche decennio, in concomitanza con l’accentuarsi della crisi ecologica mondiale e la nascita della New Age, sono iniziati nuovi contatti tra Antropologia ed Ecologia,  che hanno aperto nuovi ambiti di ricerca come: Ecologia culturale (a partire da J. H. Steward (1955), Ecologia umana (G. Marten 2002), Ecologia Profonda (Dewall B.-Session G. 1985; Naess A. (1989) ; Drengson A. (1995). Essi sono approdati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nell’ “Ecoantropologia” che Lanternari (2003) ha presentato come una rasegna storica  sugli intrecci interdisciplinari tra antropologia e temi ecologici<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> ,  </span>nel quadro della <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lotta ideologica e politica. Oggi, molti movimenti etnici ed ecologici, stanno facendo emergere questi temi, per affrontare l’aggressività della mercificazione del processo di globalizzazione che sta distruggendo popoli, culture e ambienti in tutto il mondo<span style="color: red;">.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" name="_ftnref1" href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-admin/#_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: ">[1]</span></strong></span></span></span></a> </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Per questo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ne paesi occidentali gli studi antropologici sono penalizzati e , in Italia,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>neppure  a</span></span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">deguatamente istituzionalizzati. Essi  sono anzi ostacolati,  e soprattutto non riescono a costruire un ambito integrato perché sia gli antropologi fisici, che quelli culturali, già confinati in ambiti ritenuti per definizione incomunicabili, formano piccoli gruppi ideologizzati in conflitto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>per l’accaparramento delle poche cattedre disponibili,  nell’illusione  </span></span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">che l’insistenza nelle rispettive<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>idee filosofiche obsolete, anguste e fuori dal tempo,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>possa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>fornire vantaggi politici.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Le loro ideologie infatti, non tengono nella dovuta conisderazione le scienze Bio-evolutive, soprattutto nelle loro correlazioni con l’Antropologia e l’Epistemologia Cibernetica. A questo sistema inegrato  fa riferimento<span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bateson<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nel suo Paradigma di “Ecologia della Mente” (Bateson G.1985)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>da cui , chi scrive, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ha avviato l’elaborazione di un nuovo campo di studi, vale a dire, l’Antropologia della<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Cultura <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ambientale (Bertocchi A. 2008 a)- 2008 b) sia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sulla base della elaborazione del concetto innoativo dell ’ “Eco-source Concept”(Il concetto di“Ecofonte“BertocchiA. 2006 a; 2007; 2008 c) </span><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #800080; font-size: small;">www.ecoantropologia.net</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> ),che su quello  di un approccio ecomuseale. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Bertocchi A.: 2010)</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Lo studio del modo in cui le culture etnologiche del passato e del presente hanno realizzato relazioni armoniose sia sociali che ecologiche, suggerisce <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di mutuare da loro proficui<span style="color: red;"> </span>modelli di azione. Questa metodologia consente di scoprire le<span style="color: red;"> </span>relazioni che ricorrono tra i sistemi naturali e culturali , nonchè di trovare le risposte per correggere i gravissimi errori che hanno portato verso il suicidio dell’umanità.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I modelli che dobbiamo trovare non sono evidenziati dal solo esame della<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>struttura manifesta <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dei sistemi simbolici <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mito-rito, ma si trovano celati nelle loro struttura profonda,  da dove possono venir estratti solo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>con strumenti cibernetici. Stiamo qui citando alcuni esempi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>più significativi presi dall’enorme database messo a disposizione sia da Internet che da una vasta letteratura. I dati dimostrano il deleterio  impatto dell’incremento esponenziale della popolazione sui popoli e sulle culture, in relazione con i cambiamenti climatici. Inoltre evidenziano gli effetti dell’impatto del cambiamento climatico sulla diversità bio- culturale dei nativi. </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; text-underline: thick;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; text-underline: thick;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’impatto della sovrappopolazione </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Thoraya Obaid, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Direttore Executivo, UN Population Fund (UNFPA), ha dichiarato che: </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">“ Non possiamo affrontare le sfide della povertà di massa, fame, malattie e distruzione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ambientale senza affrontare i problemi della popolazione e del tasso riproduttivo”. Infatti la crescita della popolazione mondiale è al presente esponenziale, ma non lo è<span style="color: red;"> </span>il controllo demografico della popolazione e delle risorse. Vi è, certamente, una correlazione positiva tra il tasso di natalità e l’incremento della popolazione mondiale.”</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: red;">Inserisci Tabella I</span>: Il feedback Tra produzione, consumo e popolazione .</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">- La Medsin Nazional Conference 2007 ha esplorato alcuni dei temi importanti della salute e sociali che riguardano i cambiamenti della popolazione. La popolazione mondiale è più che raddoppiata negli ultimi 40 anni: dai 2,3 miliardi nel 1960 ai 6,6 miliardi nel 2000. Secondo una stima UN, ogni anno il numero di persone nel mondo cresce di circa 79 milioni. Circa il 90% di questa crescita si svolge nel mondo in via di<span style="color: red;"> </span>sviluppo. Il<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tasso di crescita globale della popolazione si riduce dal 1970. Secondo le<span style="color: red;"> </span>aspettative attuali la popolazione umana si stabilizzerà<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a circa 8,9 miliardi di persone entro il 2050. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">(Amartya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Sen, Population: delusion and reality- Asian affairs on global issues.Population and health. Why Focus on population)</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: red;">Inserisci tabella 2</span>: la crescita della popolazione umana  dal 1900.</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.5pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Alcuni ricercatori (Eudemonia Lab) pensano<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che la Legge di Gay Loussac<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>si possa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>applicare nel campo della demografia . Come <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In condizione di volume uniforme, la pressione del gas aumenta in una misura direttamente proporzionale all’incremento della temperatura, nella stessa misura, in condizione ambientali <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>costanti, la pressione demografica incrementa in misura direttamente proporzionale allo sviluppo economico e tecnologico”. Per questa ragione, se la cultura occidentale non sarà in grado di pervenire ad un drastica riduzione della popolazione mondiale, l’esplosione di tutto il sistema della geo-politica è assicurato. (L’eccesso di popolazione ed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>industrializzazione causa emissioni di effetto serra (CO2, CH4, N2O sono 300 x 300 - 30k).Le concentrazioni di gas serra nell’ atmosfera terrestre sono <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>cambiate fin dalla rivoluzione industriale.)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: red;">Inserisci tabella 3:</span> Curva  di Keeling </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Le oscillazioni nella Curva Keeling rappresentano le fluttuazioni stagionali dei livelli di anidride carbonica. </strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">(Keeling C.D: 1978; C.D. Keeling e Worf T.P. (2004))</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: red;">Inserisci Tabella 4:.</span> Concentrazione di gas ad effetto serra</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Montanari S. (2007a; 2007 b, 2008) ha scoperto un particolato ultra fine, cioè un inquinamento da nanoparticelle causato da combustione ad alta temperatura. Esse sono eterne e si accumulano nell’organismo, causando<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nanopatologie, ossia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>malattie degenerative.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Inserire Tabella 5 </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Tumore del fegato Montanari S. (2008) files.meetup.com/300838/nanoparticelle% 20nel Stefano Montanari, (Direttore di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Nanodiagnostica).</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Le emissioni di CO2, provengono da paesi industrializzati, mentre la densità della popolazione è incrementata dalle regioni povere (vedi Figura 1 Global Economic Growth in ricche e povere regioni -United Nation Development Program (UNDP) Fonte:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>IPCC WG1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>AR4 Report - Il riscaldamento globale accelera l’evaporazione, del ciclo idrologico, liberando più vapore acqueo nell’ aria. Maggior vapore acqueo genera un effetto serra occasionale, dal momento che il vapore acqueo è un gas serra. Tuttavia, può anche portare alla formazione di più nubi, che potrebbe , aumentare l’albedo. (</span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #800080; font-size: small;">http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo</span></a></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">(Credit: Cortesi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>immagini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dell’ USGS (John M. Evans, USGS, Distretto Colorado).</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: yellow; color: red; mso-highlight: yellow;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Pericoloso ciclo di feedback positivo </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Esso è’ implicito nei sistemi di produzione estensiva (es. Pascolo di bovini), incendio occasionale, e danni ai sistemi di produzione intensiva , come <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>le piantagioni di alberi e i sistemi agro-forestali). Gli incendi usati nel territorio<span style="color: red;"> </span>adibito a pascolo o ad agricoltura, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>spesso bruciano oltre il<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>limite, danneggiando le colture perenni, i sistemi agro-forestali, e i sistemi di gestione forestale. Queste perdite incoraggiano i produttori a continuare l’uso dei sistemi di produzione estensiva, perpetuando il ciclo del fuoco. Un altro ciclo di feedback positivo si verifica tra incendi boschivi del sottobosco, il taglio selettivo e l’infiammabilità della foresta. Sia l’incendio del sottobosco che il taglio e il trasporto del legname aprono spazi, uccidono alberi e accrescono il combustibile del sottobosco incrementando<span style="color: red;"> </span>la vulnerabilità delle foreste al fuoco. Il cambiamento nell’uso del suolo, le emissioni di fumo rilasciato dai fuochi e il clima inibiscono le precipitazioni. La trasformazione delle foreste in pascoli può anche inibire le precipitazioni riducendo il vapore-traspirazione e l’assorbimento della radiazione solare da parte della vegetazione. Gli episodi<span style="color: red;"> </span>di El Niño provocano periodi di siccità in Amazzonia, che potrebbero aumentare in futuro, attraverso un riscaldamento globale. In una revisione dello studio per ABC News, J. Hansen ha osservato che in punti critici, “vi è una accelerazione, potenzialmente incontrollabile, delle emissioni di vasti depositi naturali di gas serra.” Egli trae una tale conclusione dalla prova del pericoloso ciclo di retroazione del sottobosco che viene monitorato in varie regioni del pianeta. Molti studi hanno riportato i commenti su questo fenomeno<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>già osservato nel disgelo della tundra, dei fondali marini e nella essicazione delle foreste. (Hansen J.2000; Hansen et al: 2006) </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">              </span>L’effetto serra comporta il riscaldamento globale ed il riscaldamento globale in modo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>ricorsivo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>incrementando l’effetto serra.</span></span></span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I rischi dell impatto del <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>riscaldamento globale sui ghiacciai </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’impatto del riscaldamento globale è in aumento ed i ghiacciai si stanno sciogliendo - Dal 1979 più del 20% del ghiaccio della calotta polare si sta sciogliendo. Per esempio il Pasterze, il più lungo ghiacciaio dell’Austria, nel XIX secolo era più<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>lungo di circa 2 km., ma ora è completamente fuori dalla vista che domina dall’alto il Grossglockner High Road </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Inserisci tabella 6.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il ghiaccio artico è in rapido scioglimento, il ritiro dei ghiacciai per riscaldamento globale indica un riscaldamento planetario. Si noti che i colori giallo, oro e marrone rappresentano ghiacciai che si stanno assottigliando. La stragrande maggioranza dei ghiacciai è sempre più sottile. Gli scienziati ritengono<span style="color: red;"> </span>questo assottigliamento una<span style="color: red;"> </span>conseguenza di un pianeta surriscaldato. Un gruppo di ricerca di ritorno dalla Siberia conferma l’ipotesi<span style="color: red;"> </span>che il processo di riscaldamento globale andrà ad accelerare ulteriormente il riscaldamento. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: red;">DISASTRO incipiente<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dalla CORRENTE DEL GOLFO<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ATLANTICA</span>.</span></span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Altro disastro riguarda<span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>la situazione della Corrente del Golfo Atlantica. In effetti negli ultimi 50<span style="color: red;"> </span>anni si sta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>raffreddando, lentamente<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di un<span style="color: red;"> </span>30% . La rivista Nature, pubblica i risultati di uno studio che dimostra che la Corrente del Golfo (quello che tiene calda l’Europa, nonostante il fatto che il Regno Unito sia più a nord della Baia di Hudson) ha subito un rallentamento, che<span style="color: red;"> </span>in gran parte è<span style="color: red;"> </span>avvenuto a partire<span style="color: red;"> </span>dal 1998. L’Oceano ce ne trasmette le informazioni.</strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Anche il Polo Artico è in pericolo: Durante una intervista (Beccaria G. 2007), Serena Massolo, ricercatrice dell’Università di Genova, ha spiegato che anche l’Artico è in pericolo perché gli oceani intercettano la CO2 che si accumula in acque profonde, rendendole acide. La conseguenza è che: ” uno dei meccanismi per il rinnovamento delle acque e per la regolazione del clima globale, sta rallentando: è la produzione dell’ Antarctic Botton Water, che alimenta la circolazione oceanica termo-salina profonda”. Ora, poichè le acque intorno all’antartico<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sono essenziali per portare al Nord le temperature calde e l’ossigeno, è evidente che tale effetto, interagendo con il raffreddamento della Corrente del Golfo, produrrà inizialmente fusione dei ghiacci del polo, e successivamente<span style="color: red;"> </span>il clima andrà verso una nuova era glaciale. (Jacobson <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M.Z. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2005)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Una difficile sopravvivenza </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">E’molto difficile che l’umanità possa sopravvivere a questa catastrofe. Molte città in prossimità di fiumi e mari, saranno sommerse e fiumi e sorgenti di acqua dolce si asciugheranno, perché con la sparizione<span style="color: red;"> </span>dei ghiacciai, le sorgenti dei fiumi si esauriranno. Infatti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>lo scioglimento dei ghiacci sta producendo la riduzione delle riserve di acqua dolce di tutto il pianeta. Noi non siamo in grado di adattarci a estremi scambi climatici, come molte specie di animali possono fare. Una risorsa per l’adattamento potrebbe essere<span style="color: red;"> </span>la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tecnologia, di cui ora non disponiamo. Lo scenario è davvero apocalittico: gli abitanti, lasciando i loro paesi, affamati, malati, invaderanno<span style="color: red;"> </span>e affolleranno regioni <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>impoverite nella loro biodiversità e nelle risorse farmaceutiche (le risorse dalle biodiversità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>marine, animali e alberi, hanno applicazioni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>farmaceutiche). </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Riscaldamento Globale e estinzioni di massa</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Di recente l’uomo ha accelerato il tasso di estinzione di diverse specie che vanno scomparendo di<span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span>giorno in giorno. Il bilancio delle vittime causate artificialmente dall’uomo è da capogiro. Alla Natura serviranno<span style="color: red;"> </span>milioni di anni per riparare ciò che l’uomo<span style="color: red;"> </span>distrugge in pochi decenni. (Thomas C.D. et al. 2004)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Distruzione dei punti caldi della biodiversità </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">La Biodiversità non è distribuita uniformemente sul pianeta. Alcune aree ospitano concentrazioni<span style="color: red;"> </span>maggiori <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di specie <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>viventi, rispetto ad altre. Conservation International (C.I.) ha identificato quelle aree biologicamente ricche che si trovano <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sotto la più grande minaccia di distruzione come “punti caldi” della Biodiversità. Per questo la C.I.concentra la<span style="color: red;"> </span>conservazione in queste aree che presentano <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>maggior impatto per la tutela ambientale. Ad oggi, la C.I. ha identificato 25 punti prioritari sulla base di tre criteri: il numero delle specie presenti, il numero di quelle specie che si trovano esclusivamente in un ecosistema e il grado di minaccia che devono affrontare. Circa la distruzione dell’habitat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in Madagascar, il dato per capire la<span style="color: red;"> </span>distruzione della biodiversità e della foresta pluviale, è questa: se non si interviene, tra il 2012 e il 2016 la superficie di molte<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>foreste pluviali, finirà sotto il punto critico della soglia di salvaguardia del 10% dell’area della foresta pluviale vergine con il suo 50% delle sue specie rimanenti.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Un terribile esempio è il massacro dei gorilla di montagna in Congo, assassinati dai bracconieri, commissionato dalle multinazionali, che vogliono sfruttare le foreste per il carbone vegetale e il coltrane. Questo è<span style="color: red;"> </span>una specie di sabbia nera, da cui ha origine il tantalio usato nella produzione di turbine aeronautiche, telefoni cellulari, personal computer, e per <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>la produzione nucleare. Il suo peso e valore sono come quelli dell’oro<span style="color: red;">. </span>L’ 80% delle forniture mondiali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di Coltrane provengono dall’ Africa e l’80% <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di queste, dal Congo. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>L’incremento della popolazione aumenta il riscaldamento globale, e in una ricorrente spirale sul riscaldamento globale, aumenta l’impatto sulla biodiversità degli ecosistemi e del genere umano.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Impatto dei cambiamenti climatici sulla<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>diversità bio-culturale dei popoli indigeni.</span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Essi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sono<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>i più colpiti dai cambiamenti climatici .Il biocombustibile ha spazzato via la produzione di carburante, l’espansione dell’energia rinnovabile e altre misure di attenuazione del loro sradicamento in molte regioni… I popoli indigeni hanno contribuito alla minore emissione di gas serra nel mondo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e hanno lasciato solo una minima impronta ecologica sulla Terra. Tuttavia essi subiscono i peggiori impatti non solo dal cambiamento climatico, ma anche da alcune delle misure internazionali di attenuazione. Queste sono state<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>adottate, in accordo con una delle Università delle Nazioni Unite, che ha ospitato il meeting nel mese di aprile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>3-2008 a Darwin, Australia.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Gli impatti del cambiamento climatico sulle popolazioni indigene in tutto il mondo includono:</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">La relazione finale dell’ UNPFII che verrà presentata alla settima sessione.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">“Le popolazioni indigene si considerano come il mercurio nel barometro del cambiamento climatico del mondo”, dice<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>UNU – IAS Direttore A.H. Zakri. Essi non hanno beneficiato in alcun modo significativo del finanziamento relativo al cambiamento climatico, sia per l’adattamento e la mitigazione, sia per i sistemi di scambio delle emissioni. Le misure di mitigazione del cambiamento climatico sono orientate al mercato e alle altre<span style="color: red;"> </span>misure non è stata data molta attenzione. Ci auguriamo che questo incontro possa contribuire ad affrontare tale squilibrio.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Aggiunge il dottor Zakri:” La gran parte delle popolazioni indigene usano livelli sostenibili di carbone neutro o carbonio negativo, compatibile con il mantenimento della vita che ha consentito di vivere per migliaia di anni.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Ci sono almeno 370 milioni di indigeni che <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in ogni parte del mondo adottano stili di vita impostati con carbonio negativo, relativamente neutrali oppure uniformati ad essi.. Pur non essendo un numero elevato rispetto alla popolazione mondiale di 6 miliardi, esso ha un impatto sostanziale nella riduzione delle emissioni. … Gli Stati Uniti, con una popolazione di 300 milioni (solo il 4%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della popolazione mondiale, è responsabile di circa il 25% delle emissioni di gas -serra del mondo” UNU Institute of Advanced Studies.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’Istituto di Studi Avanzati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( IAS  )è una<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rete globale di ricerca e centri di formazione, che . fa parte dell’Università delle Nazioni Unite. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>IAS impegna la ricerca e l’istruzione post-laurea sui principali temi dello sviluppo sostenibile. Esso riunisce le competenze provenienti da discipline quali economia, diritto, biologia, scienze politiche, fisica e chimica per meglio comprendere e contribuire a soluzioni creative,per problemi globali pressanti. UNU-IAS lavora per individuare e affrontare le questioni strategiche di interesse per tutta l’umanità, per governi e responsabili di decisioni e, in particolare, per i paesi in via di sviluppo.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’Università delle Nazioni Unite (UNU), fondata dall’assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite, UNU è una comunità internazionale di studiosi impegnati nella ricerca, formazione avanzata e la diffusione delle conoscenze relative ai pressanti problemi globali. Le attività si concentrano principalmente sulla pace e risoluzione dei conflitti, lo sviluppo sostenibile, l’uso della scienza e della tecnologia per il progresso del benessere umano. L’Università gestisce una rete mondiale di centri di ricerca e formazione post-laurea, con sede a Tokio.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I partecipanti a Darwin,<span style="color: red;"> </span>in Australia sentiranno in prima persona l’impatto del cambiamento climatico sulle popolazioni indigene e come queste si stanno adattando ad un riscaldamento globale. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Essi potranno anche studiare i fattori che favoriscono o ostacolano la partecipazione delle popolazioni indigene nei processi internazionali e le deliberazioni relative alla riduzione delle emissioni e scambio delle emissioni.</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’evento dal titolo, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Riunione internazionale di esperti sui cambiamenti climatici e popoli indigeni, </em>è stato organizzato dalla UNU che ha sede in Giappone e l’Istituto di Studi Avanzati (UNU-IAS) in unione con il UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNFII) e il North Australia Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance (NAILSMA).</span></span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dal messaggio del direttore in occasione della Giornata Internazionale dei popoli indigeni del mondo (UNU –IAS Director Zakri A.H.-2008) citiamo“ La necessità di maggiori<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>investimenti in ricerca, formazione e capacità di costruzione su questioni relative alla conservazione, alla manutenzione e la promozione delle conoscenze tradizionali, è stata ampiamente riconosciuta da popolazioni indigene,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>governi, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>educatori e organizzazioni. In particolare c’è un grande bisogno di un approccio proattivo, un contenitore di pensiero multidisciplinare globale per le questioni di TK, accettate da una vasta gamma di partecipanti più anziani <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e in grado di fornire simultaneamente leadership intellettuale e agire<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>come un mediatore onesto.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dopo il fallimento della Conferenza di Copenhaghen (2009)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la Conferenza di </strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #202020; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Cancún Messic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( 29 Novembre<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>10 Dicembre 2010<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sedicesima conferenza ONU sul cambiamento climatico</span> sembra aver finalmente registrato qualche risultato positivo, come: </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">il cambio di fronte della Cina.</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> La richiesta di un <a title="Vai alla fonte" href="http://www.repubblica.it/ambiente/2010/12/06/news/clima_la_svolta_della_cina_s_al_taglio_dei_gas_serra-9905922/" target="_blank"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';"><span style="color: #800080;">un accordo globale di riduzione delle emissioni</span></span></a> La approvazione per acclamazione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ella </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">costituzione di un fondo verde</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> per il clima a sostegno dei Paesi in via di sviluppo per gli interventi di riduzione delle emissioni e adattamento ai mutamenti climatici. Inoltre, è stato finalmente riconosciuto che gli attuali impegni di riduzione non sono sufficientemente ambiziosi e la necessità di colmare questo gap per stare al di sotto dell’aumento di due gradi di temperatura. Altro elemento positivo, infine, è </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">l’atteggiamento dell’Europa</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">, che ha tenuto la barra sulla questione della riduzione dei gas serra, pronta ad alzare l’asticella al 30% entro il 2020.</strong> <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.pianeta.it/territorio/clima/conferenza-di-cancun-risultati-migliori-del-previsto/"><span style="color: #800080;">http://www.pianeta.it/territorio/clima/conferenza-di-cancun-risultati-migliori-del-previsto/</span></a> &#8212;</strong> <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.cop16.mx/"><span style="color: #800080;">http://www.cop16.mx/</span></a></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Come antropologi, siamo disponibili a portare qualsiasi sostegno a queste istituzioni al fine di intraprendere azioni utili per la sopravvivenza dei popoli indigeni.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Poniamo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>anche attenzione per i prossimi congressi.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Esempi:</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;Gli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>U’wa lottano per mantenere il loro stile di vita. Dalle foreste del nord-est della Colombia, i restanti 5.000 membri di questa <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>triade <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stanno protestando contro<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>l’ invasione <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dell’ Occidental Petroleum.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">“Ogni volta che una specie si estingue, l’umanità si avvicina alla sua stessa estinzione; ogni volta che una popolazione indigena si estingue, un altro membro della famiglia umana, parte per sempre per un viaggio senza ritorno. Forse prima che l’avidità<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>metta radici in noi, saremo in grado di vedere la meraviglia del mondo e la grandezza dell ‘universo che si estende oltre il diametro di una <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>moneta.” (Da: Kuwar Berito U’wa, Autorità Tradizionale)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In Curitiba (Brasile, 27 marzo 2006-ENS) Presidente brasiliano Luiz Inácio da Silva ha detto, ai delegati riuniti per una conferenza internazionale sulla necessità di arrestare la perdita di specie, che la conservazione della diversità biologica del pianeta dipende principalmente dalla volontà politica dei paesi, soprattutto di quelli sviluppati. Almeno 15.580 specie di piante ed animali sono in via di estinzione, secondo l’ultimo Global Species Assessment rilasciato dalla IUCN-World Conservation Union nel 2004.: un anfibio su tre e quasi la metà di tutte le tartarughe d’acqua dolce sono minacciati, così come un uccello su otto e un mammifero su quattro sono in pericolo.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Purtroppo il processo di globalizzazione sembra non possa più essere fermato.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Nonostante interventi di <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>critica radicale espressi da autorevoli personalità <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>politiche (es.: Al Gore del 2005), la frenetica competizione verso la distruzione dell’ambiente e della cultura sta diventando incontrollabile.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In questo modo l’individuazione, la classificazione e la denuncia di quei crimini, non riesce ad<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ottenere risultati utili, perché la corruzione stessa dipende da patologie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Epistemologiche.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’aiuto che si propone questo contributo consiste nell’ approfondire la ricerca di queste patologie epistemologiche responsabili della crisi ecologica . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>G. Bateson le ha riassunte così: </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– “Noi contro l’ambiente; Noi contro altri uomini; 2- la cosa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>importante è il singolo individuo (o la singola azienda, o la singola nazione) 3- Possiamo avere un controllo unilaterale sull’ambiente e dobbiamo fare ogni sforzo per arrivare ad esso;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>4- Noi viviamo in una frontiera che si espande all’infinito;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>5- Il determinismo economico è cosa ovvia e sensata;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>6- La tecnologia ci permetterà <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di raggiungerlo.</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Crisi ecologica. Modello Dinamico cibernetico (Bateson G. 1985)</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il modello descrive la crisi ecologica come risultante dalle conseguenze cumulative di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Patologie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Epistemologiche. Idee dominanti e sbagliate, di cui viene abusato anche in campo scientifico, trascurando i principi della<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Bioetica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Globale , nonostante l’impegno posto dal Prof.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Chiarelli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nella loro <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>promozione e difesa ( Global Bioethics: Chiarelli B. 1993, 2005). Le etiche native non sono imposte dall’alto da stati e religioni dominanti, ma sono elaborate e selezionate dalla co-evoluzione come codici relazionali complessi codificati in sistemi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mito-rito di tipo magico-religioso. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Le<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Etiche indigene fondate sull’altruismo fanno parte<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>integrante<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della storia co&#8211;evolutiva dell’uomo. Credo davvero che i sistemi mito-rito dei<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nativi mantengono la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sostanza etica del comportamento umano. Per la comprensione di Globale Bioethics è necessario appropriarsi </span></span></strong>eson <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>consiste nell’idea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che per la correzione di quegli errori è necessario – prima di tutto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>correggere le idee errate delle <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>patologie epistemologiche, poiché esse sono utilizzate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>per giustificare i crimini contro la natura e l’umanità. Chi scrive ha elaborato risposte creando un nuovo campo di studi: L’ “Antropologia della Cultura ambientale” (Bertocchi A. 2006 a, 2006 b) Esso evidenzia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>come le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>patologie epistemologiche siano mappe cognitive ecologicamente non-valide, e l’urgente bisogno di servirsi di mappe cognitive ecologicamente valide, sulla base di idee diametralmente opposte, ed esattamente:</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">b) Noi insieme ad altri uomini; </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">c) Ciò che è importante è il gruppo, la società,l’interazione e la co-evoluzione; </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">d) Non possiamo avere un controllo unilaterale sull’ambiente e non <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>possiamo ottenerlo. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">e) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Viviamo entro una frontiera che non si espande all’ infinito; </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">f) Il determinismo economico è una cosa sbagliata;</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">g) La tecnologia non può permetterci di raggiungerlo.</span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;">Ĕ interessante notare come questi principi corrispondano a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>quelli dei popoli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>indigeni, con la differenza che essi sono in grado di metterli <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in pratica.</span></span></em> </span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">a) Noi insieme con l’ambiente; </span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il modello mostra come Popolazione, Tecnologia, Hybris interagiscono per<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>provocare inquinamento, guerre e carestie. Bateson aveva detto che, se l’umanità non può affrontare crisi ecologiche, il genere umano sarà sommerso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dalla propria spazzatura, ma non è<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>stato<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ascoltato.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ora vediamo emergere spazzatura a Napoli e in tutto il mondo.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">La discarica <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>natante <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>più<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“grande degli Stati Uniti”, è stata descritta come la più grande discarica del mondo, o la zuppa di plastica del Pacifico, e sta cominciando ad allarmare gli scienziati. Scoperta nel 1997 dal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>marinaio americano Charles Moore,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>è anche chiamata la grande chiazza-immondizia del Pacifico:E’ preoccupante sia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>per le sue dimensioni sempre crescenti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>che per il possibile impatto sulla salute umana.</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">connessioni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>e feed-back tra desertificazione, cambiamenti climatici e perdita di biodiversità</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I componenti principali della perdita di biodiversità riguardano direttamente i cicli interni connessi alla desertificazione,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>attraverso l’erosione del suolo. Il ciclo esterno pone in relazione perdita di biodiversità e cambiamento climatico. Nella parte superiore del ciclo esterno, si riduce in origine la produzione e l’attività microbica, si riduce l’attività di cattura <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>del carbonio e tutto ciò contribuisce al riscaldamento globale. Nella sezione inferiore del ciclo esterno, il riscaldamento globale incrementa la traspirazione del vapore, danneggiando quindi la biodiversità. I cambiamenti nella struttura della comunità e le diversità sono previsti anche perché diverse specie reagiscono in modo diverso per le concentrazioni elevate di CO2.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">L’ interazione di questi elementi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>induce all’avvento dell Antropocene (PJ Crutzen 2005). È molto difficile, per l’umanità affrontare le catastrofi che ha provocato, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perché l’umanità al contrario degli animali, può mentire a se stessa, affermando di non esserne la responsabile.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Alcuni esempi di disinformazione da: </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;B. Lomborg (2001): L’ambientalista scettico, pubblicato in tutto il mondo.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;Battaglia F. (2007) ha pubblicato in Italia un importante libro: “Illusione dell’Energia dal sole”</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;ExxonMobil, che ha speso 16miliardi di dollari per finanziare la campagna di disinformazione sulla scienza del riscaldamento globale. Nello sforzo continuo di confondere i fatti inconfutabili , finanzia più istituti (per esempio, Cooperative Environmental Institute, Marshall Institute) per pubblicare fatti ingannevoli circa il riscaldamento globale.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George W. Bush passerà alla storia come il peggior presidente ambientalista degli Stati Uniti. In un arco di tre anni, l’amministrazione Bush ha avviato più di 200 riduzioni di principali leggi ambientali dell’America, indebolendo la protezione di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>aria , di acqua, di terre pubbliche e di fauna selvatica. (Robert Kennedy, Jr.)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Un discorso a parte merita &#8211;il caso dello scienziato, James E. Hansen, (2000). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Hansen, J.E. et al. (2006) per lungo tempo direttore dell’agenzia del Goddard Institute for Space Studies, ha detto in un’intervista che i funzionari al quartier generale della NASA avevano ordinato al personale degli affari pubblici di rivedere i contenuti di sue lezioni e documenti, (sito Goddard Web) e richieste di interviste. Il maggior<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>climatologo della NASA dice che l’amministrazione Bush ha cercato di impedirgli di parlare da quando ha tenuto una conferenza il mese scorso per la riduzione rapida delle emissioni di gas a effetto serra legate al riscaldamento globale. Il <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Hansen ha detto che vuole ignorare le restrizioni “Essi ritengono che il loro compito sia quello di essere censori di informazioni verso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>il pubblico”. Come si può uscire<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dalla “Apocalypse Now ecologica?”</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Spero che non salteremo dalla padella nella brace del Dr Eric Pianka, che è stato al centro di una tempesta di fuoco dei media per il paradossale augurio di morte sul 90% dell’umanità per mezzo di un attacco biologico aereo di Ebola. Meglio adottare , sempre che siamo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ancora in tempo, gli strumenti epistemologici offerti da Deep Ecology il cui 4 ° Principio afferma: </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">“La prosperità della vita e della cultura umana, è compatibile con una sostanziale riduzione della popolazione umana . La prosperità di vita non-umana richiede<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>questa decrescita (Næss, A. 1989)”.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Anche persone molto importanti stanno prendendo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>posizione i come:</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;Leonardo Di Caprio con “11’ ora“, un documentario sulle crisi ambientali causate dall’impatto delle azioni umane sul pianeta, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>chiede un intervento di riparazione attraverso una riorganizzazione delle attività umane. –</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;Al Gore, Nobel per la Pace sta coraggiosamente lottando per dirottare l’opinione dei mass-media pubblici su questo argomento ecologico. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;Ed un nuovo movimento della Decrescita<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>( “Decroissance”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Latouche S.: 2005, 2007 · 2008 a, 2008 b, 2008 c), De Benoist A. (2008), che si sta diffondendo anche in Italia. (Decrescita )</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Le crisi ecologiche sono state causate dal capitalismo, ed è impossibile per il capitalismo fronteggiarle.Al contrario di ciò che propone Amory Lovins (P. Hawken, A. Lovins, L. Hunter Lovins); (Gualerzi V. 2008) il capitalismo non è naturale, mentre il socialismo è naturale. Infatti, la Storia comparata delle Religioni ha nel corso di un lungo tempo dimostrato che fin dalla preistoria antiche società tradizionali, etniche si sono organizzate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in strutture sociali di equa condivisione delle risorse.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Il socialismo è potenzialmente in grado di far emergere la Neghentropia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(J Rifkin: 2000; Georgescu Roegen:. 1971) del sistema globale.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;Jeremy Rifkin, prevede una revisione della legge dell’entropia che avrà effetto sul nostro mondo post-industriale. Rifkin basa la sua critica alla nostra civiltà sulle leggi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>termodinamiche che si suddividono in due leggi:</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1. L’energia non può essere creata o distrutta, ma può solo cambiare forma (da potenziale in cinetica,o da cinetica in calore). L’energia tende a spostarsi da un luogo di maggiore concentrazione ad uno di più bassa concentrazione. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">2. L’energia potenziale dello stato (attuale) sarà sempre inferiore a quella dello stato iniziale. Ogni volta che l’energia passa da una forma all’altra, un costo viene pagato in perdita di energia a causa della nostra incapacità di catturare / contenere<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>energia sotto forma di calore. </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Riconoscendo i vincoli naturali di energia, Rifkin traccia un quadro cupo per il futuro della nostra civiltà che dipende così fortemente dal petrolio a buon mercato e facilmente accessibile. La diminuzione di questa risorsa diminuisce, minaccia il <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>futuro del nostro stile di vita </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Strumenti antropologici </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Se osserviamo le popolazioni indigene nel loro condizioni naturali, vale a dire quando non sono ancora venute in contatto con la sedicente “cultura occidentale”, tutti sono stupiti per la limpidezza espressa dal loro volto, fiero e gentile al tempo stesso, per il loro equilibrio psicologico, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>l’aspetto sano , l’elegante portamento e il comportamento etico e dignitoso, Atteggiamenti e tratti che rivelano il loro senso di autostima e la concezione sacrale <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>della vita sociale e cosmica, come si può vedere nell’esempio dei popoli Bhutan</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tabella 10 e 11</span><span style="font-size: small;">: uomo e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>donna<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Noma <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( Sakten. Bhutan 1990 )</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Le loro espressioni sono quasi tutte scomparse dalla faccia e dal portamento dei cittadini <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>delle metropoli industriali che sopravvivono con fatica tra inquinamento, malattie degenerative, rifiuti, eccesso di prodotti alimentari tossici, e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sofferenza<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>psicologiche lenite<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>temporaneamente da deleteri drogaggi di massa . Il tutto subìto come complici passivi di un disastro planetario in cui siamo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>stati coinvolti, dalla retorica fraudolenta delle “ democrazie”.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I popoli indigeni sono in grado di salvaguardare la loro capacità di rispettare i loro ecosistemi. Di particolare interesse è l’esempio della comunità Tsembaga di orticoltori che vivono sulle montagne Bismarck della Nuova Guinea, studiati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sul campo da Rappaport R. (1926-1997).</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In“Pigs for the Ancestors”R. Rappaport (1968) descrive ( introducendo tra i primi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>l’approccio <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cibernetico<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>alle scienze ecologiche e antropologiche :1971, 1979) il ruolo della loro cerimonia religiosa “bail”, nel mantenere l’omeostasi energetica tra la comunità, l’ambiente naturale, e le popolazioni confinanti. Questi calcoli hanno rivelato, che <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>il rituale Kaiko era basato sul rapporto tra il sistema ecologico di persone, suini, scorte di cibo locale, e la guerra. Il rituale dispone il consumo cerimoniale collettivo del numero di suini che eccede la capacità di carico dell’ambiente naturale. In<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tal modo il sistema cibernetico mito-rito<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>della <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cerimonia Kaiko,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>distribuisce la ricchezza in eccesso sotto forma di maiale-energia, e facilita<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>il commercio tra le persone.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I biologi definiscono la <span style="text-decoration: underline;">carrying capacity</span> come il calcolo della popolazione massima di una data specie che può sopravvivere indefinitamente in un dato ambiente. E’stato originariamente applicato relativamente al numero di ovini o bovini che potrebbero essere mantenuti al pascolo senza degradare la terra in modo che non si possano più sostenere gli animali. Dipende dalle condizioni e dalle risorse disponibili nel settore specifico, e dalle <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>abitudini di consumo della specie considerata. Poiché<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ciò che è disponibile nella zona, e le abitudini di consumo delle specie cambiano nel tempo, la capacità di carico è sempre in cambiamento. La capacità di carico è una misura di sostenibilità all’interno di queste mutate condizioni. (Bertocchi A 2009 b)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tabella 12</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Capacità di carico </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Allora, qual è il segreto delle società etnologiche?</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perché esse sono in possesso della <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>capacità di adattamento, mentre al contrario la sedicente cultura occidentale l’ha persa? Perché non riusciamo ancora<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>realizzare un’ autentica società cristiana <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e socialista, mentre ci sono riuscite le popolazioni pre-letterate, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>senza leggi scritte, ma solo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attraverso le loro tradizioni culturali <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>orali? Penso che un forte impegno antropologico e sistemico di ricerca , ci permetterà <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di trovare le risposta nella<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tradizione culturale orale codificata da sistemi religiosi mito-rito-</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Antonia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Bertocchi</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">22 April 2008</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Cremona 26 November 2010 </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong> 1)</strong>  <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" name="_ftn1" href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-admin/#_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "><strong>[1]</strong></span></span></span></span></span></a></span><strong>Di conseguenza ho nominato “Ecoanthropology” (</strong><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/"><span style="color: #800080;"><strong>www.ecoantropologia.net</strong></span></a><strong> ) il mio sito web (Link di personal Pagehttp:/aai.unipr.it/cgi-bin/home.plnto)</strong></span></span></p>
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		<title>“Anthropological and epistemological sources as a reply to the problem of the control of the impact of the population explosion on the ecological and social systems”.</title>
		<link>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2011/01/26/%e2%80%9canthropological-and-epistemological-sources-as-a-reply-to-the-problem-of-the-control-of-the-impact-of-the-population-explosion-on-the-ecological-and-social-systems%e2%80%9d/</link>
		<comments>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2011/01/26/%e2%80%9canthropological-and-epistemological-sources-as-a-reply-to-the-problem-of-the-control-of-the-impact-of-the-population-explosion-on-the-ecological-and-social-systems%e2%80%9d/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Jan 2011 10:21:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
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		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia della Cultura Ambientale]]></category>

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16th World Congress of IUAES, -dal 27 luglio al 31 Luglio 2009  -Kunming  provincia  dello Yunnan  (Cina )
“Anthropological and epistemological sources as a reply to the problem of the control of the impact of the population explosion on the ecological and social systems”.                                               
     Antonia Bertocchi     Anthropologist             
                                                                                              
Abstract
The present exponential growth of the world population is inflicting [...]]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;"><strong>16th World Congress of IUAES, -dal 27 luglio al 31 Luglio 2009  -Kunming  provincia  dello Yunnan  (Cina )</strong></span></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em>“Anthropological and epistemological sources as a reply to the problem of the control of the impact of the population explosion on the ecological and social systems”.</em><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;">                                               </span></span></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span></span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">    </span><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;">Antonia Bertocchi</span></span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Anthropologist</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"><span style="font-size: medium;">   </span>          </span></span></span></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;">                         </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">          </span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;">                                                           </span></span></strong></span></span></strong></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abstract</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The present exponential growth of the world population is inflicting a death wound on the biodiversity of the ecological systems and on the quality of social life, while the attempts to oppose them<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>turn out to be inadequate, unworkable or self-defeating.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Any political system which has suffered from or imposed a free market economy (from the most “democratic” to the most “dispotic”) proves to be more and more powerless to face situations of deterioration of the environment and social decay, as, beyond the ostentation of ideological contrasts, as a matter of fact it shares with the others in their deepest respect the undiscerning introjection<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of pathological categories, such as the delirious ideas of development, progress, consumerism, growth at all costs, economic, technological and military supremacy. Therefore we witness a tragic bearish competition,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a keen contest where the winner is the one who manages to secure the last sources of a collapsing planet at any cost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>A foul unruled play based on fraud, corruption, waste, overpowering, insanity, and, above all, nature desecration, whose effects are leading us to self-destruction and where the opposition between bad theory and bad practice is getting more and more insolent and impudent, in spite of the now trite screen of hypocrisy. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Fortunately against such detrimental and misleading categories, a drastic criticism is developing not only due to spontaneous anti-global movements, but also to experts whose highly scientific and ethic contributions aim at replacing the prevailing economic theory with “Bioeconomy” that is an economy consistent with the basic laws of Nature (Georghescu-Roeghen N.) and at facing the increasing amorality/immorality with a “Global Bioethics” (Chiarelli B.). Ideas which, together with alternative tendencies of thought acting within the orbit of movements supporting “Deep Ecology” and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“Decrease”, are imposing themselves also in Italy, on the spur of the epistemological revolution<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>S. Latouche is leading against the prevailing economic imagery.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">To such legitimate and undisputable requirements for identity and liberation, the lecturer offers the support of the fundamental elements of a new paradigm. The Anthropology of the Environmental transdisciplinary Culture based on anthropological and epistemological instruments and models drawn from the myth-rite systems characterizing societies with ethnological and folklore interests. They are ethnoresistant in that they are capable to hold fast to the epistemology of the sacred perceived as immanent in nature: a magic-religious feeling they codify in the symbolical containers of their complex myth-rite systems, which has proved to be able to achieve the long-term survival of our species. Their cultural codes were disregarded, mocked and demonized as irrational, stupid, sinful, while Ethnoanthropology has grasped their efficiency as deviciesable to  make sacred  ecological and social relations, as well as rulers of the self-control capacity of any form of hybris, including the demographic one. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Moreover their adapting value, recognized by evolutionist biology, has been included into Cybernetic Epistemology, which gave us the possibility to avail ourselves of an engineer-like reappropriation of magic-religious thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The use of such scientific tools to be put on the service of reappropriation processes of ethnical and species identity, shall allow us to start the improvement of metaphoric imagery<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>considered to be not a time wasting fantasy (it was downgraded to), but a biological function of adapting-type. As a consequence we will be able to take up the self-control of the co-evolutive process interesting the system &#8220; man-society-nature,&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>starting from the reduction of demographic pressure all over the world.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Into such safety vehicles in the author&#8217;s  opinion the priceless treasure of our rehumanization is hidden.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Introduction</span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">From some decade<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in concomitance with the becoming worse of ecological<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>global crisis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and new Age<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>birth, new interactions are arised between Anthropology and Ecology,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which have opened<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>new fields<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of research<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>as :Cultual Ecology (starting<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>from Steward J.H. (1955),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Human Ecology<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Marten G. 2002), Deep Ecology (Dewall B.-Session G.1985; Naess A. 1989; Drengson A. 1995), until<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“Ecoanthropology” that Lanternari (2003) has presented as a new wide historical survey of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>interdisciplinary plots<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>around ecologicl topics and ideological and political struggle that many ethnical and ecological movments<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are bringing out, to face mercerizing aggressiveness of globalization process, which is destroing peoples,cultures and environments all over the world.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">By consequence, I have named  my web-site : <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a>  </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In western countries ecological studies and anthropological fields movments not are supported.  Indeed they are obstructed and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>above all, they not succeed in constructing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>an united movment, because they are conditioned <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by narrow and obsolete philosophical and theological ideas which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>don’t<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>take in consideration of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>discovering of Bio-evolutionary Sciences, Anthropology and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Cibernetics Epistemology : all <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sciences<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>utilized by Bateson in its Paradigm of “Ecology of Mind” (Bateson G.1985 ) by which I am started for the elaboration of a new<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>field of study that I have created :“ The<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Anthropology of Environment Culture</strong>” (Bertocchi A. 2008a; 2008b<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">), based on “Ecosource Concept</strong>” (Bertocchi A. 2006a:2007)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I have thought it, as the study of recursive relashionships between natural and cultural systems, <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">as to say<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the study of the way<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in which etnological and folk cultures of past and present have thought<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and realized their<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>harmonious and adaptable<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>social amd ecological relationships, with the</strong> goal to take by them useful models in order to find answers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to correct our<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>grave, serious errors which have led us <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>not adaptable<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and coming toward humankind suicide.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The models that we must to find, don’t’ belong to evident structure of simbolic conteiners<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and mith-rite systems, but the profound one that we can descover only by cibernetics tools.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">I am quoting some most significant example</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> taken by the enourmous data base<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>avaible both<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by Internet and a wide literature, about :</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Ruining<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>impact of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>exponential increasing of population on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>poeples and cultures., starting by data on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the problem of- <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">population impact, related with climate change and</strong></span><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">-Climate change<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Impact<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>on natives<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bio-cultural diversity<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">POPULATION<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>IMPACT</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">-Thoraya Ahmed Obaid Executive Director, UN Population Fund (UNFPA)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>declared<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that : &#8220;We cannot confront the massive challenges of poverty, hunger, disease and environmental destruction unless we address issues of population and reproductive health.&#8221; </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">In fact<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>growth of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>world population<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is at present exponential<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>without demographic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and resources control<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>population<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>increases in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>exponential way, because that are a <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>positive connection<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>between birth rate and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>encreasing of world population.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.propertyinvesting.net/cgi-"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.propertyinvesting.net/cgi-</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>script/csNews/image_upload/specialreports_2edb.GDP%20Global.GIF<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span> <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-size: large;">table I</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>: feedback<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>among production, consumption and Population</strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><img id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" src="http://haqqmisra.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/population_feedback.jpg?w=490" alt="" width="300" height="198" /></span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://haqqmisra.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/population_feedback.jpg"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://haqqmisra.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/population_feedback.jpg</span></a>.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.-The Medsin National Conference 2007 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>has <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>explord some of the major health and social issues affecting this changing population.”The population of the world has more than doubled in the past four decades from 3.02 billion in 1960 to 6.06 billion in 2000 according to UN estimates. Each year the number of people in the world rises by around 79,000,000. About 90% of this increase is taking place in the developing world.Global population growth rates have reduced since the 1970&#8217;s. Current expectations are that the human population will stabilise at about 8.9 billion people by 2050.” (Amartya Sen, Population: delusion and reality – Asian affairs on global issues. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.medsin07.org/Theme/Default.aspx"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">&lt; Population and Health</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><a href="http://www.medsin07.org/Theme/Why_Focus_on_Population.aspx"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">Why Focus on Population? </span></span></a><span style="background: #ffffaa; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.medsin07.org/Theme/State_of_the_World_Pop"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: IT;" lang="IT"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.medsin07.org/Theme/State_of_the_World_Pop</span></span></a></span><span style="background: #ffffaa;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">..(Demografia storica:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Encarta); Comandé M. (2007: Confernza del Cairo); Sartori G-Mazzoleni G.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>2007)</span></span> </p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="background: #ffffaa; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: large;"> table 2</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Population growth of Human<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Earth</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong></strong></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong></strong></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><img id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" src="http://www.booksaboutthefuture.com/pop_hist.gif" alt="" width="400" height="350" /></span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.booksaboutthefuture.com/pop_hist.gif&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.booksaboutthefuture.com/population-growth-problems.htm&amp;usg=__FSXuDInArIqCMBgzE8_ApQ6Ijho=&amp;h=560&amp;w=640&amp;sz=11&amp;hl=it&amp;start=33&amp;zoom=">http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.booksaboutthefuture.com/pop_hist.gif&amp;imgrefurl</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">=http://www.booksaboutthefuture.com/.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Some researchers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Eudemonia Lab :</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> <a href="http://www.hyperlinker.com/seg/spg_it_1.htm"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.hyperlinker.com/seg/spg_it_1.htm</span></a>) think that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gay Loussac Law<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>may<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>take applications in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>demography<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>field</strong>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>As<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>so “<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>On condition of uniform volume , gas pressure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>increases in a direct proportional<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>measure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>to increasing temperature,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in the same<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>measure on condition of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>constant territory,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>demographical pressure increases in a direct proportional measure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to economical and tecnological<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>development”. Fir this reason, if western self-talking “culture” will not be able to take action in order to a drastic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>reduction of   world population, explosion of the whole geo-politically system is sure (<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://207.166.7.35/portfolio/thuynhanl/gas-project.doc"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;"><a href="http://207.166.7.35/portfolio/thuynhanl/gas-project.doc)-Excess">http://207.166.7.35/portfolio/thuynhanl/gas-project.doc</a></span></a>)</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">-Excess of population and industrialization</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cause greenhouse emissions</strong> (Co2, Ch4, N2o are chiefly) (upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/..)350 x 325 - 68k; </span></span><a href="http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/.../c_center2.gif"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.nrel.colostate.edu/&#8230;/c_center2.gif</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> 300 x 300 - 30k)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">The concentrations of greenhouse gasses in the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere have changed since the industrial revolution,</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">table 3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>:</span> Keeling Curve</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN-GB"> <img id="rg_hi" class="rg_hi" style="width: 258px; height: 195px;" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQqEjrIqIQdTvOqqNNe9MO3EwZNsMoIjcSfFkxW20kQEs02zs02" alt="" width="500" height="378" /></span></span> </p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;"><a href="http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://i96.photobucket.com/albums/l200/tanj0088/nucifera%2520blog/keeling_curve.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://nucifera.wordpress.com/2007/06/&amp;usg=__wgfn-jczRsBPr0ZGF7Fie_bSYIQ=&amp;h=309&amp;w=408&amp;sz=28&amp;hl=it&amp;start=0&amp;zoom=1&amp;tbnid=hHWhFAZ0ta6XuM:&amp;tbnh=">http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://i96.photobucket.com/albums/l200/tanj0088/nucifera%2520blog/keeling_curve.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://nucifera.wordpress.com/2007/06/&amp;usg=__wgfn-jczRsBPr0ZGF7Fie_bSYIQ=&amp;h=309&amp;w=408&amp;sz=28&amp;hl=it&amp;start=0&amp;zoom=1&amp;tbnid=hHWhFAZ0ta6XuM:&amp;tbnh=</a></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Oscillations in the Keeling Curve represent seasonal fluctuations in carbon dioxide levels. ( Keeling C.D.:1978; Keeling C.D. and T.P.Worf (2004)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;">                                </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 203.4pt 373.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        <span style="font-size: large;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Table 4</span></span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>: <strong>Greenhouse gas concentration.</strong> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 203.4pt 373.8pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">          </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.(</span><a href="http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;"><a href="http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html">http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html</a></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;">
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt;" border="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">GAS</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Pre-1750 concentration<sup>1</sup></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Current tropospheric concentration<sup>2</sup></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">GWP (100-yr time horizon)<sup>3</sup></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Atmospheric lifetime (years)<sup>4</sup></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Increased radiative forcing (W/m<sup>2</sup>)<sup>5</sup></span></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;" colspan="6">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Concentrations in parts per million (ppm)</span></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">280<sup>6,7,8</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">377.3<sup>7</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">variable<sup>4</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1.66</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;" colspan="6">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Concentrations in parts per billion (ppb)</span></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">730<sup>8</sup>/688<sup>8</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1847<sup>&gt;9</sup>/1730<sup>9</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">23</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">12<sup>4</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">0.5</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">270<sup>8,10</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">319<sup>9</sup>/318<sup>9</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">296</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">114<sup>4</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">0.16</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">25</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">34<sup>4</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">n.a.<sup>4</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">hours-days</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">0.35<sup>4,5</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;" colspan="6">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Concentrations in parts per trillion (ppt)</span></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) (CCl<sub>3</sub>F)&lt;/&lt; td&gt; </span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">253<sup>9</sup>/250<sup>9</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">4,600</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">45</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;" rowspan="7">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">0.34 for all halocarbons collectively, including many not listed here.</span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) (CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">545<sup>9</sup>/542<sup>9</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">10,600</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">100</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">93<sup>9</sup>/92<sup>9</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1,800</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">35</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Methyl chloroform (CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>3</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">23<sup>9</sup>/22<sup>9</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">140</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">4.8</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) (CHClF<sub>2</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">174<sup>9</sup>/155<sup>9</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1700</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">11.9</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HFC-23 (fluoroform) (CHF<sub>3</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">14<sup>10</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">12,000</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">260</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Perfluoroethane (C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">3<sup>10</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">11,900</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">10,000</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">5.22<sup>11</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">22,200</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">3,200</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">0.002<sup>5</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF<sub>5</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">zero</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">0.12<sup>12</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">~ 18,000</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">~ 3,200 (?)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&lt; 0.0001<sup>5</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 203.4pt 373.8pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">                                               </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: 203.4pt 373.8pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Montanari S. (2007 a; 2007 b, 2008)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>as descovered <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>an ultra fine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>‘particolato’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>as to say<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>nanoparticelle pollution<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>caused by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hight<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>temperature combustion. .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Them are eternal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>amass themselves into organism, bringing about<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“nanopathologies”as to say<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>degenerative<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>diseases<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>.</span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: large;">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>5 :</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liver tumor</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Montanari S. (2008)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sanpablog.it/wp-content/Epatocarcinoma"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.sanpablog.it/wp-content/Epatocarcinoma%20</span></span></a><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8230;1127 x 805 - 82k-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  -</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">files.meetup.com/300838/nanoparticelle%20nel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <img id="rg_hi" class="rg_hi" style="width: 266px; height: 190px;" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQczeLPwb8mOZ8ioKjvmt4nebXqe5AHimzJIwtUbs5B3DptbatC" alt="" width="266" height="190" /></span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sanpablog.it/wp-content/uploads/Epatocarcinoma%2520-%2520nucleo%2520cellulare.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.sanpablog.it/%3Fp%3D506&amp;usg=__lernGi15W_Wk6-15vFDKop1PqWM=&amp;h=805&amp;w=1127&amp;sz=82&amp;hl=it&amp;start=0&amp;zoom=1&amp;tbnid=Az0dFpo-c7_2qM:&amp;tbnh=150&amp;tbnw=200&amp;ei=DIg5TcvULomW8QOks6iZCA&amp;prev=/images%3Fq%3DMontanari%2Bcancro%2Bfegato%26hl%3Dit%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1276%26bih%3D628%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&amp;itbs=1&amp;iact=hc&amp;vpx=346&amp;vpy=85&amp;dur=734&amp;hovh=190&amp;hovw=266&amp;tx">http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sanpablog.it/wp-content/uploads/Epatocarcinoma%2520-%2520nucleo%2520cellulare.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.sanpablog.it/%3Fp%3D506&amp;usg=__lernGi15W_Wk6-</a></span></span></span> <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Stefano Montanari,(Director of </span></span><a href="http://www.nanodiagnostics.it/"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nanodiagnostics</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">). -Co2 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>emission<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are coming<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>industrialized<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>or on the way of industrialization cuntires , but por regions are the most increasing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>population density (Figure 1. Global Economic Growth in Rich and Por Regions Source: Unite Natio Development Program (UNDP).</strong></span><em><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></strong></em><em><span style="font-style: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN">Source: IPCC WG1 AR4 Report<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </strong><a href="http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/sustainabledevelopment/climatechange/itisreal/atmosphere.asp"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/sustainabledevelopment/climatechange/itisreal/atmosphere.as</span></span></a></span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">- Global warming accelerates evaporato, of hhydrological cycle, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>placing more water vapor in the air. (Air<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pollution</span><span style="color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.whrc.org/index.htm"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.whrc.org/index.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">) More <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">water vapor</strong> generates a a stringe greenhouse effect, since water vapor is a greenhouse gas. However, it may also lead to the formation of more clouds, which might help col the placet bey increasing Earth&#8217;s albedo. (<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> Image courtesy of the USGS (John M. Evans, USGS, Colorado Districa).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 5pt 34pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">-Dangerous<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>positive feedback cycle</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between extensive production systems (e.g. cattle pasture), accidental fire, and damages to intensive production systems (e.g. tree plantations and agroforestry systems). Fires used in the establishment of cattle pasture and farm plots, and in pasture management, often burn beyond their intended boundaries, damaging perennial crops, agroforestry systems, and forest management systems. These losses encourage producers to continue their use of extensive production systems, perpetuating the fire cycle. An also<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>positive feedback cycle is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>forest understory fire, selective logging, and forest flammability.Both understory fire and logging open the canopy, kill trees, and increase the fuel load on the forest floor, increasing forest vulnerability to fire. between land-use change, smoke emissions and climate. Smoke released by fires inhibits rainfall. The transformation of forests into pasture may also inibii rainfall by deducine evapotranspiration and the absorption of solar radiation by vegetation. El Niño episodes provoke droughts in Amazônia, and may increase in the future through global warming.&#8211;</span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-In a review of the study for ABC News, Hansen J. noted that as the tipping points pass, “there is an acceleration, potentially uncontrollable, of emissions of vast natural stores of greenhouse gas.” He draws such a conclusion from evidence of dangerous feedback loops being tracked in various regions of the planet. May stadie ave reported feedback loops already observed in thawing tundra, seabeds and drying forests. ( Hansen J.2000; Hansen et al:2006).</span><a href="http://www.combatclimatechange.ie/uploadedfiles/Clim"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.combatclimatechange.ie/uploadedfiles/Clim</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.46&#215;350-48k)<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Greenhouse Effect <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>brings about global warming and Global warming<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in a recursive way<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is increasing Greenhouse effect</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">.. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">-<strong> Risks and impacts of global warming are increasing and glaciers are melting -</strong></span></span><a href="http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/5/5c/350px-"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/5/5c/350px-</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Since 1979 more than 20 per cent of the polar ice cup has melted away </span><a href="http://64.17.143.104/images/TYCW/Melting%20Sea%20Ice.jpg"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://64.17.143.104/images/TYCW/Melting%20Sea%20Ice.jpg</span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">Table 6 .</span> Global warming is increasing </span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><img id="rg_hi" class="rg_hi" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTtgLqivZ6SMF_YNhGYW7DubORR9SxAOjeNOseb7DwZppqCUynUBA" alt="" width="409" height="202" /></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.detectingdesign.com/images/AncientIce/Pasterze%2520Glacier%2520Melt.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.detectingdesign.com/ancientice.html&amp;usg=__">http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.detectingdesign.com/images/AncientIce/Pasterze%2520Glacier%2520Melt.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.detectingdesign.com/ancientice.html&amp;usg=__</a></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn11639/dn11639-2_808.jpg"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn11639/dn11639-2_808.jpg</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">-</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">For<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>example<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the Pasterze, Austria&#8217;s longest glacier, was about 2 kilometers longer in the 19th C. but is now completely out of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>sightfrom this overlook on the Grossglockner High Road (1875 photo courtesy H. Slupetzky/University of Salzburg :<strong> </strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/glaciers.html"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/glaciers.html</span></a></span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">-Artic ice melting fast, lame global warming</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Glaciers in retreat indicate a warming planet. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note that the colors yellow, gold and brown represent glaciers that are getting thinner. The overwhelming majority of glaciers are getting thinner. Scientists attribute this thinning as a consequence of a warming planet. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(staffwww.fullcoll.edu/&#8230;/images/hansen. j.jpg 184 x 17- 2k)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A research team returning from Siberia adds more weight to the idea that the process of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>global warming will itself accelerate further warming.. </span><a href="http://seedmagazine.com/news/2006/09/post_3.php"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://seedmagazine.com/news/2006/09/post_3.php</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">&#8211;</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-shadow: auto;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Methan bubbole</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> trappe in lake ice in early autumn <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Credit: Katey Walter; courtesy of </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/index.html"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">Nature</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> –(SchmidtG.A., Shindell D.T.); (Harder S. 2004); (Walter K.M.; Zimov S.A. Chanton J.P. Verbyla D. Chapin F.S. 2006).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">-Other disaster is that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><strong>Atlantic</strong><strong> Gulf</strong><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Stream is cooling</strong>, whose <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>current slow<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by 30%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in 50 years.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.anthonares.net/gulf_stream_1.png"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;"> </span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Dature la test issue, due out tomorrow, publishes the results of a study that shows that the Gulf Stream current (the one that keeps Europe warm despite the fact that the UK is as far north as Hudson Bay) has slowed by </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051128/full/051128-9.html"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">about 30% since 1957</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">. Actually, the study notes that the slowing has mostly happened in the years since 1998.&#8211;Image Credit: Nature. com <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.anthonares.net/2005/11/atlntic-gulf-stream-current-slows-by.htm"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.anthonares.net/2005/11/atlntic-gulf-stream-current-slows-by.htm</span></a>&#8212;-</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-shadow: auto;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">Ocean conveyor beat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span><a href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/ocean/images/cod.%20Com.W.F.U.N.A......../080global_warm/images/con_belt.gif"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/ocean/images/cod. Com.W.F.U.N.A&#8230;&#8230;../080global_warm/images/con_belt.gif</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"> 357 x 242 - 24k)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">-Also Arctic Pole is in danger:</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> During an interview ( Beccaria G.2007), Serena Massolo, researcher of University of Genova,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has explained that also Artic is in danger because oceans intercept Co2 accumulated in profound waters, making them sour. By consequence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“one of chiefly mechanism for the renewal of waters and for global climate regulation, is slowing down: it is A.A.B.W .( Anctartic Bottom Water ), production. Which feeds the thermo-salt ocean<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>profound circulation.” Now,since waters arounding Antartic are essential<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bringing to Nord warm and Oxigen, it is very evident that those effects , teraracting with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gulf stream cooling, will produce in a first time melting pole ices, but in a second time<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>climate will go toward e new glacial<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>era. (Jacobson M.Z<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>2005)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">-</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">It<strong> </strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is very difficult for humankind to survive to this catastrophe, because during<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>warm period,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>many cities near rivers and see, will be submerged, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rivers and source of sweet water will become dry because with de-glace of mountain, rivers sources will be <strong>e</strong>xhausted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Kilimanjiaro <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>snow and ice are reduced from 17-2-1993 to 21-2-2000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.). In fact<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ice melting<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is producing reduction of sweet water reserves all over the planet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                                                          </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span><strong>We are non able to adapt ourselves to extreme climate excanges, as many animals species can do, because we succed in adaptation only by technology, but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>we have no tecnology useful for it.</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">The scenery is really apocalyptic :</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">:inhabitants, leaving their countries, will invade,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hungry, deseased, and will crowd bio-region paoperized in their bio-diversity and pharmaceutical resources (Resources by Marine Biodiversity like them by anilams and trres, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>have applications in Pharmaceutical products :</span></span><span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">oceanexplorer.noaa.gov).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Global Warming:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Mass <strong>Species Extinction</strong> : Recently humans have accelerated the extinction rate to where several entire species<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are annihilated every single day. The death toll artificially caused by humans is mind-boggling. Nature will take millions of years to repair what we destroy in just a few decades.(Thomas C.D. et al. 2004) (</span><a href="http://www.dailygalaxy.com/.../rate_of_extinction.jpg"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.dailygalaxy.com/&#8230;/rate_of_extinction.jpg</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> ) . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Resources by Marine Biodiversity <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>have also<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>applications in Pharmaceutical products<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>media/Chiar.mo 600 x 450 - 150k (Thomas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>C. D.et al (2004)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Biodiversity disctruction hotspots</span></span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> -</span><a href="http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/cerrado/Pages/default.aspx"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/cerrado/Pages/default.aspx</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on the planet. Some areas harbor far greater concentrations of living creatures than others. Conservation International (CI) has identified those biologically rich areas under the greatest threat of destruction as <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">biodiversity hotspots</span>, and concentrates conservation in these areas to have the most impact. To date, CI has identified 25 priority hotspots based on three criteria: the number of species present, the number of those species found exclusively in an ecosystem and the degree of threat they face. (</span><a href="http://www.manaca.com/.../ci/worldmap_hotspots3.gif"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.manaca.com/&#8230;/ci/worldmap_hotspots3.gif</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) 555 x 400 - 30k<br />
Abitat destruction in Madagascar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( </span><a href="http://www.kew.org/tpa/images/destruction.jpg"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.kew.org/./tpa/images/destruction.jpg</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">Biodiversity destruction<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rainforest Destruction: information to understand is this:<strong>If no</strong> <strong>action is taken</strong>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>between 2012 and 2016<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the land area<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of virai Rainforest , will go below the critica kilt in natural safeguard<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>threshold providence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of 10% virgin Rainforest<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>area with its 50%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>species remaining.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">A terrible example is the massacre of mountain Gorilla in Congo</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>murdered <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>poachers entrusted by multinationals which will to exploit forests for Charcoal and Coltran<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a kind of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>black sand, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>source of tantalio use in manufacture of aereonautical turbine, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mobile phones, Personal Computer, nuclear and rockerly production Its weight and value<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are like gold. 80% of coltan world <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>supplies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are in Africa and 80% are in Congo. </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://gorilla.wildlifedirect.org/files/2007/09/dsc01353-tn.jpg"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://gorilla.wildlifedirect.org/files/2007/09/dsc01353-tn.jpg</span></a></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><em>Population   increasing,   increases global warming , and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>into a recursive loop<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>global warming increases impact on biodiversity of ecosystems and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>humankind:</em></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong></strong></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON NATIVE BIO_CULTURAL DIVERSITY<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">“Indigenous peoples hardest hit by climate change describe impacts.Biofuel production, renewable energy expansion, other mitigation measures uprooting indigenous peoples in many regions  ..</span></span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Indigenous peoples have contributed the least to world greenhouse gas emissions and have the smallest ecological footprints on Earth. Yet they suffer the worst impacts not only of climate change, but also from some of the international mitigation measures being taken, according to organizers of a United Nations University co-hosted meeting <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">April 3-2008 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in Darwin, Australia.</strong></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Impacts of climate change on indigenous people worldwide</span></strong></span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> include:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">The meeting’s final report will be to be submitted to the seventh session of the UNPFII.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">“<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Indigenous peoples regard themselves as the mercury in the world’s climate change barometer,” says UNU-IAS Director A.H. Zakri</strong>. They have not benefited, in any significant manner, from climate change-related funding, whether for adaptation and mitigation, nor from emissions trading schemes. The mitigation measures for climate change are very much market-driven and the non-market measures have not been given much attention. We hope this meeting will help address that imbalance.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Adds Dr. Zakri: “Most indigenous peoples practice sustainable carbon neutral lives or even carbon negative life ways which has sustained them over thousands of years.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">“There are at least 370 million indigenous people throughout the world living relatively neutral or even carbon negative life styles. While not a large number when compared to the world population of 6 billion, it does have a substantial impact in lowering emissions. <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Compare this to the impact of the United States, with a population of 300 million &#8212; only 4% of the world’s population – but responsible for about 25 percent of world greenhouse gas emissions.” </strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">UNU Institute of Advanced Studies</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Institute of Advanced Studies is part of the United Nations University’s global network of research and training centres. IAS undertakes research and postgraduate education on leading sustainable development issues, convening expertise from disciplines such as economics, law, biology, political science, physics and chemistry to better understand and contribute creative solutions to pressing global concerns. UNU-IAS works to identify and address strategic issues of concern for all humankind, for governments and decision makers and, particularly, for developing countries. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">United Nations University (U N U): </span><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Established by the U.N.General Assembly, UNU is an international community of scholars engaged in research, advanced training and the dissemination of knowledge related to pressing global problems. Activities focus mainly on peace and conflict resolution, sustainable development and the use of science and technology to advance human welfare. The University operates a worldwide network of research and post-graduate training centres, with headquarters in Tokyo. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;">Participants in Darwin, Australia will hear first hand the impact of climate change on indigenous peoples and how they are adapting to a warming world. They will also explore factors that facilitate or obstruct the participation of indigenous peoples in international processes and deliberations related to reducing emissions and emissions trading  </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;">(Please to see related updates in the following italian translation here under)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">T<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">he International Expert Meeting on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples</strong>,  was   organized by UNU’s Japan-based Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) in conjunction with the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNFII) and the North Australia Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance (NAILSMA).    </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Papers / documentation are available online at </span></span><a href="http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/EGM_CS08.html"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/EGM_CS08.html</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">(Collins T.2008)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">:<strong>Public release date: 2-Apr-2008</strong><br />
Contact: Terry Collins<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span><a href="mailto:terrycollins@rogers.com"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">terrycollins@rogers.com</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>416-538-8712 </span><span class="relinst"><a href="http://www.unu.edu/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-underline: none;"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa;">United Nations University</span></span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span class="relinst"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-04/unu-iph040108.php"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-04/unu-iph040108.php</span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span class="relinst"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="relinst"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">From the </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Message from Director on the Occasion of the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples (</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">UNU-IAS Director<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Zakri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>A.H. 2008):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">The need for increased investment in research, training and capacity-building on issues related to the retention, maintenance and promotion of traditional knowledge has been widely recognised by indigenous peoples, governments, educators and organizations.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">Specifically, there is a great need for a proactive, multidisciplinary global think tank for TK issues, acceptable to a <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">wide range of stakeholders and able to simultaneously provide intellectual leadership and act as a facilitator or honest broker. </strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">TK Initiative on the UNU Website: </span></span><span style="color: #0176a2; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<a href="http://www.ias.unu.edu/sub_page.aspx?catID=107&amp;ddlID=302"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.ias.unu.edu/sub_page.aspx?catID=107&amp;ddlID=302</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Traditional Knowledge Bulletin Information Service:</span></span><span style="color: #565656; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #0176a2; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://www.unu.edu/tk/"><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.unu.edu/tk/</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> <span style="font-size: large;">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>7 </span>:</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> UNU-IAS Director<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Zakri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>A.H</span>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: black;"><img id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" src="http://www.unu.edu/img/globalization/glo2006/zakri_day2_01.jpg" alt="" width="180" height="180" /></span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.unu.edu/img/globalization/glo2006/zakri_day2_01.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=">http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.unu.edu/img/globalization/glo2006/zakri_day2_01.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=</a></span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">http://unu.edu/globalization/2006/day_02.html&amp;usg=</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">tp://www.iisd.ca/biodiv/sbstta6/12March.html<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">UNU-IAS Director<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Zakri is also promoting several projects for </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">ITTO Side Event at COP 13 of UNFCCC on Monday 10 Dec 2007: “Sustainable forest- ment to reduce deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics” </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">10 December 2007 / Room IV GH, Grand Hyatt Hotel. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Organizers</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.itto.or.jp/live/PageDisplayHandler?pageId=223&amp;id=3642"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.itto.or.jp/live/PageDisplayHandler?pageId=223&amp;id=3642</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">ITTO in collaboration with the Brazilian Forest Service and the United Nations University-Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><a href="http://www.iisd.ca/biodiv/sbstta6/12March.html"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.iisd.ca/biodiv/sbstta6/12March.html</span></a></span></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">As anthropologist we are avaible to bring any support to these<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Institurions in orderto take action useful for survival indigenous peoples</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">We also pay attention<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>for <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>next<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Congress:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>21/12/2007 - <strong>C</strong></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">limate Change and</span></strong><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ystematics Conference, 1-3 September 2008, Trinity College-Dublin, Ireland.</strong> First announcement and call for research papers on aspects of the interaction between Climate Change and Systematics. The conference will deal with this topic under three headings as follows: 1. Climate Change and Speciation/ extinction: 2. Climate Change and Biogeography: 3. Climate Change: documenting and conserving biodiversity. To obtain further information and register for the conference please see http:// <a href="http://www.tcd.ie/Botany/Conference.php"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">www.tcd.ie/Botany/Conference.php</span></a></span><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Exeamples:</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-The U&#8217;wa are fighting to keep their way of life. From the cloud forests of northeast Colombia, the remaining 5,000 members of this trine are peacefully protesting the invasion by Accidental Petroleum. </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">“<strong>Each time that a species is extinguished, humankind approaches its own extinction; each time an Indigenous people becomes extinct, one more member of the great human family leaves forever on a journey with no return. Perhaps before greed takes roto in us we will be able to see the onde of the world and the greatness of the universe that extends beyond the diameter of coin. &#8212; by: Berito KuwarU&#8217;wa, U&#8217;wa Traditional Authority . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.leonardodicaprio.org/"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">www.leonardodicaprio.org</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">- In<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>CURITIBA ( Brazil, March 27, 2006 -ENS)- Brazilian President Luiz Inácio da Silva told delegates from around the world gathered here for an international conference on halting the loss of species <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on the topic of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the preservation of biological diversity on the planet depends mainly on the political will of countries, especially the developed ones. At least 15,580 species of plants and animals are facing extinction, according to the latest Global Species Assessment isued by the IUCN-World Conservation Union in 2004. One in three amphibians and almost half of all freshwater turtles are threatened, as well as the one in eight birds and one in four mammals known to be in jeopardy. </span><a href="http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2006/2006-03-27-03.asp"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IT;" lang="IT"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.ens-newswire.com</span></span></a>  -</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IT;" lang="IT"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">/mar2006/2006-03-27-03.asp</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Unfortunately<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>globalization process seems to cannot be halted</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">. In <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>spite of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>radical <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>critical essaies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>exspressed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>authoritative<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>political<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>persons<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Gore<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Al 2005 ,</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcUTKPivpdk"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcUTKPivpdk</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>) ;</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Di Caprio L. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">(<a href="http://www.leonardodicaprio.org/"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.leonardodicaprio.org/</span></a>) ;; Tremonti G. 2005; 2008),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the frenetic competition<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>toward<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>distruction of environment and culture<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is getting on uncontrollable.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Why such an<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>obstinacy</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> ?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>There is a wide data base on corruption, ignorance, incompetence,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of bereaucracy , administration , menagment<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of western states<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>government ,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(es.:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Saviano R 2008;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Montanari (2007c; Tremonti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1998). Italy is, for corruption at the second place in Europe after Greece<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><a href="http://www.anticorruzione.it/Portals/altocommissario/Documents/agenzie%2010%20dicembre.pdf"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.anticorruzione.it/Portals/altocommissario/Documents/agenzie%2010%20dicembre.pdf</span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">So, </span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">indviduation classification and denounce of those<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>crimes<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>don’t<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>succeeds to obtein useful results,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>because corruption itself<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>depends by Pathologies of Epistemology,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(denounced<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by Bateson G. 1985 p.497-515).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">My support consists to profound the research of these EPISTEMOLOGICAL PATHOLOGIES bringing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>out ecological crisis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>G.B. has summarized them <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>so:</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1-“We against environment; 2.We against others men; 3..hat is important is the single individual (or the single company, or the single nation);<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  4.</span>We can to have an unilateral control on environment and we must to make every effort to get to it; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">5.</span>We live into a frontier<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which expands to the infinite; 6.-The economic determinism <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is an obvious and sensible thing;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  7.T</span>echnology will let us to carry out it.</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;"><strong><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/bertocchi_001.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-21" title="bertocchi_001" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/bertocchi_001-287x300.jpg" alt="La dinamica della crisi ecologica secondo Bateson" width="287" height="300" /></a></strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><strong>    <span style="font-size: medium;">  </span></strong></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Table <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ecological  crisis. Dynamic  cybernetics</strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>model (Bateson G. 1985</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;">  <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">It describes ecological crises as resulting by cumulative consequences of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Pathologier of Epistemologies. Dominant and Wrong ideas abusing their position also into scientifical fields into which it is also <strong>necessary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to study as to apply Principles of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Global Bioethics</strong> (<strong>Chiarelli B. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1993; </strong></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">2005 a</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">). Native etics isent’ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>imposed top down by state <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and dominant religions, but it is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>elaborated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bottom up and selected by coevolution<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>as magic religios complex mith-rite systems are able to code. <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Indigenous etics and altruism can to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>be understood into the context of evolutionary history of man. Really I think that natives<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mith-rite systems keep out ethical substance of humankind behaviour. For understanding Global Bioethics it is necessary to appropriate the whole anthropological subject as proposed by Professor </strong></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Chiarelli B (2003.2004) </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in all its varoious and interconnetcted<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bio-cultural <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fields <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong><strong></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Epistemological Tools.</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">G.B.’s revolution consists in the idea that for correcting those errors it needs at first at all to correct the erroneous ideas of epistemological pathologies, because them are used for justify the crimes against nature and humankind. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Then:</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> I have suggest to answer so<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( Bertocchi A 2006a; 2006b)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">b): If <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Epistemological pathologies are cognitive maps ecologically not-valid whereas we need <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of cognitive maps ecologically valid, based on diametrically opposed ideas, and exactly:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo31;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;">a)</span><span style="font: 7pt ">        </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">We together with environment;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo31;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;">b)</span><span style="font: 7pt ">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">We together with others men;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo31;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;">c)</span><span style="font: 7pt ">        </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">What is important is the group, the society, interaction and co-evolution;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo31;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;">d)</span><span style="font: 7pt ">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">We can’t to have an unilateral control on environment and we can’t get to it;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo31;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;">e)</span><span style="font: 7pt ">        </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">We leave into frontier which not expands to infinite;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo31;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;">f)</span><span style="font: 7pt ">         </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">The economic determinism is a wrong thing;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo31;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;">g)</span><span style="font: 7pt ">        </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">Technology can’t let us to carry out it.</span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">It is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>very interesting to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>note as these pinciples correspond to them of indigenous peoples, with the difference that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>they are able to put into practise them. </span></span></p>
<h1 style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">The model shows as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Population, Technology , Hybris<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>interact to cause :Pollution, War and Famine. Bateson had said that, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if humankind<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>should not to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>face ecological crisis, Humankind will be<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>submerged by is own rubbish, but he were not<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>listen .Now we see<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rubbish emergence in Naples<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and all over <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>world</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>.</span></h1>
<p class="author" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Floating rubbish dump &#8216;bigger than US&#8217; , it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has been described as the world&#8217;s largest rubbish dump, or the Pacific plastic soup, and it is starting to alarm scientists . Discovered in 1997 by American sailor Charles Moore, what is also called the great Pacific garbage patch is now alarming some with its ever-growing size and possible impact on human health. </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">( La Canna X. 2008) </span></span><a href="http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,23156017-1702,00.html"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,23156017-1702,00.html</span></span></a><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: large;"> <strong>Table 9</strong> :</span> Linkages and Feedback Loops among Desertification, Global Climate<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> Change, and Biodiversity Loss </span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.greenfacts.org/.../figure-6-1.htm" target="_parent"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">www.greenfacts.org/&#8230;/figure-6-1.htm</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><img id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" src="http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/desert/leaflet_gd/img/chart_08.jpg" alt="" width="550" height="357" /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/desert/leaflet_gd/img/chart_08.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=">ttp://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/desert/leaflet_gd/img/chart_08.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=</a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/desert/leaflet_gd/index_1_4.html&amp;usg=__I9Pi_oLtagTimt0VGREurFDDBt8=&amp;h=454&amp;w=699&amp;sz">http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/desert/leaflet_gd/index_1_4.html&amp;usg=_</a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">he major components of biodiversity loss (in green) directly affect     major dryland services (in bold). The inner loops connect desertification to biodiversity loss and climate change through soil erosion. The outer loop interrelates biodiversity loss and climate change. On the top section of the outer loop, reduced primary production and microbial activity reduce carbon sequestration and contribute to global warming. On the bottom section of the outer loop, global warming increases evapotranspiration, thus adversely affecting biodiversity;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>changes in community structure and diversity are also expected because different species will react differently to the elevated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>CO2 concentrations.</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The whole<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>interaction<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>brings Antropocene ( Crutzen P.J. 2005) . It is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a very difficult era… because humankind on the contrary of animals, can to lie to itself</span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">-<strong>Some examples of disinformation by: </strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-Lomborg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>B. (2001) :The skeptical envoronmentalist . Several edition in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the world. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-In Italy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Battaglia F.(2007) has published a significant book titled “Illusione dell’energia dal sole” (the illusion of energy by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sun..) “http://www.galileo2001.it/materiali/documenti/Franco_Battaglia/index.php</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">&#8211;ExxonMobile (2008: 1,2,3), which spent $16 Billion to fund disinformation campaign on global warming science.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>In their continued effort to confuse the irrefutable facts about global warming, ExxonMobil funds multiple Institutes (e.g. Cooperative Environmental Institute, Marshall Institute) to publish misleading facts about global warming </span><a href="http://www.toddalbert.com/.../bush_exxonmobil.jpg"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.toddalbert.com/&#8230;/bush_exxonmobil.jpg</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> 450 x 285 - 34</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-George W. Bush will godown in history as America&#8217;s worst environmental president. In a ferocious three-year attack, the Bush administration has initiated more than 200 major rollbacks of America&#8217;s environmental laws, weakening the protection of our country&#8217;s air, water, public lands and wildlife.- Robert Kennedy, Jr.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://forums.myspace.com/t/2552020.aspx?fuseaction=forums.viewthread-----http://www.leonardodicaprio.org/whatsimportant/globalwarming_movie01.htm"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">&#8211;http://www.leonardodicaprio.org/whatsimportant/globalwarming_movie01.htm</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-the case of the scientist, James E. Hansen, (2000);<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Hansen J.E. et al. (2006) for a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>longtime being director of the agency&#8217;s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, said in an interview that officials at NASA headquarters had ordered the public affairs staff to review his coming lectures, papers, postings on the Goddard Web site and requests for interviews from journalists. The top climate scientist at NASA says the Bush administration has tried to stop him from speaking out since he gave a lecture last month calling for prompt reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases linked to global warming. Dr. Hansen said he would ignore the restrictions. &#8220;They feel their job is to be this censor of information going out to the public,&#8221; he said.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">How can we sort from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  such an </span>“Ecological Apocalypse Now?</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span>I hope that we<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>don’t’ jump out of the friyng-pan into the fire of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Dr Eric Pianka, who <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>has been at the centre of a media firestorm for the paradoxical wishing death upon 90% of humanity via an airborne ebola bio-attack. </span></span><span style="color: green; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.greatdreams.com/doctor-060406-pianka.jpg"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">www.greatdreams.com/doctor-060406-pianka.jpg</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Epistemological cares<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are offerted by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deep Ecology whose <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4°- Principle affirms :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong>” <em><strong>Prosperity<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of life and of human culture,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> are  </span>compatible with a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>substantial<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>reduction of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>human population<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Prosperity of not-human<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>life<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>requires that decrease</strong></em> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( Naess A. 1989) ) “.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Also very impotant persons are taking action as:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-Leonardo Di Caprio&#8217;s with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“11’ Hour&#8221; , a feature <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>length documentary concerning <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the environmental crises caused by human actions and their impact<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on the planet. &#8220;The 11th Hour&#8221; documents the cumulative impact of these actions upon the planet&#8217;s life systems and calls for restorative action through a reshaping of human activity. More info</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><a href="http://www.11thhouraction.com/"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">www. 11thhouraction. com</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"> &#8211;</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><a href="http://www.11thhourfilm.c/"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">www.11thhourfilm.c</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span>-Al Gore –Nobel for Peace is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bravely<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>struggling<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to move<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>public mass –media opinion<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>on this ecological topic. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><a href="http://www.sqwalk.com/blog2006/lovinsbanana.jpg"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http://www.sqwalk.com/blog2006/lovinsbanana.jpg</span></span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">And<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>new movment of “ Decroissance “ (Latouche<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>S.: 2005; 2007¸2008a; 2008b; 2008c),De Benoist A. (2008) which is spreading also in Italy (</span><a href="http://www.decrescita.it/"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.decrescita.it</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> ) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Ecological crises was caused by capitalism, and it is impossible for capitalism to face it. On<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the contrary of what Amory Lovins proposes <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Hawken P.-Lovins A.-Hunter Lovins L.); (Gualerzi V. 2008) capitalism is not natural. On the contrary socialism is natural, because Comparative Histor of Religion has proved  by longtimethat since prehistory<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>traditional, ethnical and ancient society were organized into social structures sharing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>equitably resources .</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Socialism it is potentially able to bring out neghentropy and correct Entropy (Rifkin J:. 2000;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Georgescu Roegen :1971) of global system. Jeremy Rifkin, provides a review of entropy law and it will effect our post-industrial world. Rifkin basis his critique of our civilization on the laws thermodynamics which break down into two laws:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form (potential to kinetic, or, kinetic to heat). Energy tends to move from a place of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-2. The potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state. Whenever energy is changed from one form to another a penalty is paid in energy loss due to our inability to capture/contain energy in the form of heat.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB">-By acknowledging the natural constraints of energy, Rifkin paints a grim picture for the future of our civilization, that depends so heavily on the cheap and easily accessed oil. As the abundance of this resource dwindle, the future of our lifestyles become threatened.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"><strong>Anthropological tools</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">If we obseve<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>indigenous peoples<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in their natural conditions , as to say when they are not still<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>come in touch with self-styled western“culture”, everybody is astonished <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for the limpidity<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>expressed by their face , proud and gentle in the same time,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>their balance of mind and healthy appearance , their elegant bearing and ethical behaviour<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and dignity,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that reveal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>self-esteem and sacred feeling of social and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>cosmic life., as we<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>can<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>see in the example of Buthan peoples</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>T</strong></span></span><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>able 10 and 11 :</strong></span> Noma man<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and woman from Sakten<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Bhutan 1990 </span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://tag/culture-ethnicity"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; color: #ff0000;">http:///tag/culture-ethnicity</span></a></span></span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;"> <a href="http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/miller/14.html"><img src="http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/miller/small/14.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="225" /></a><a href="http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/miller/13.html"><img src="http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/miller/small/13.jpg" alt="" width="145" height="222" /></a>T</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;">ibetan and Himalayan Portraits - Nomads of Tibet and Bhutan Daniel Miller.mht </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Their expression are almost at all disappeared<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>from the face and bearing of industrial metropolis’ citieziens, which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>survive with difficulty among pollution, degenerative deseases,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rubbish, overcrowding poisonous<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>foodstuffs, and suffering as passive<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>accomplice<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of a planetary disaster<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in which they have been<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>involved, implicate by fraudolent rhetoric of fraudolent democracies.</span></span></span><strong>Indigenous peoples are able to respect carrying capacity of their ecosystems</strong> Particularly interesting is the example of Tsembaga community of horticulturalists living on Bismarck mountains of New Guinea, studied on the field by Rappaport R. (1926-1997 ).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;">In &#8220;Pigs for the Ancestors (Rappaport R. 1968 ) he describes (by the introduction of the cybernetics approach to ecological and anthropological sciences.( 1971, 1979 ) the role of their religious ceremony &#8220;bail&#8221;, and calculated energy Exchange, among the community, the natural environment, and neighboring populations. These calculations revealed his findings that the kaiko ritual was based on the ecological relationship among the system of people, pigs,  al food supplies, and warfare. The ritual septs the number of pigs from exceeding the carrying capacity of the natural environment and prevented land degradation.At the same time, the kaiko ceremony distributed surplus wealth in the form of pork—energy, and facilitated trade among people.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;">Biologists define <strong>carrying capacity</strong> as the maximum population of a given species that can survive indefinitely in a given environment. It was originally applied to relatively simple population-environments such as the number of sheep or cattle that could be maintained on grazing land without degrading the land so that it could no longer support</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;">the animals. It depends on the conditions and resources available in the specific area, and the consumption habits of the species considered. Because both what is available in the area, and the consumption habits of the species change over time, carrying capacity is always changing. Carrying capacity is a measure of sustainability within these changing conditions. (Bertocchi A 2009 b).</p>
<p align="justify"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Table 12</strong></span>  Carrying Capacity</p>
<p align="justify"> <img id="rg_hi" class="rg_hi" style="width: 258px; height: 196px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTzp5HFy_qZJN435v00gve9PGG-jn7wyMzXy8Pwvw-Lfe89vtHt7w" alt="" width="258" height="196" /></p>
<p align="justify">sustainablescale.org</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt 0cm;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"><strong>Then , what is the secret of ethnological societies ?</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span>Why<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are in possession of adaptability<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and western self-styled “culture” has lost it? Whyever<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>they can realize an authentic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>socialist society without<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>written laws<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>but only by oral cultural tradition code into mith-rite, magic-religious systems? </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">What are<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>magic feeling and thought?</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">They are named “ethnical minorities” an their religions “little religions” in comparison to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( self styled ) “great religions”, but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>we must ask to us</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">what a religion can self- style<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>say “great”?</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A religion which  makes sacred  relationships between man and nature, or a religion that</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">desacrates them for <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mercherize ?A religion<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>practises <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>peace and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>harmony <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or a religion which practises violences and instigates contentions?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A spiritualism which lives apart of society, of or a spiritualism which takes action for society? A religion deformiung its simbolic containers into insignificant and dogmatic superficial brilliance, incomprehensible and to be believed only by faith ( or on the contary to be burned <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by iconoclasm), or a religion whose simbolic containers, being of a magic-religious kind, can to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>instruct<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>adaptability among man society and nature? In fact I think that great religions are overall great in a thing: to support in collusion with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>political Systems mass extermination and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>indeed to justify it <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the name of “God of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Army”. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span>Magic though is the source of every religion and philosophy, but “great religions”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>don&#8217;t<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>recognize this<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>heritage<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and are ashamed of it , whereas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>their most disgrace is that of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to have<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>make fun of God into an<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>horrible<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>puppet<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>already worn out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>secularization<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and scientific descoveries. Really it is a “zombi”, because it was dead into mass extermination of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Nazim Lagers and that dies  every time when an innocent defenceless is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hitted<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in a cowardly way,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>In fact it was just dead when Joshua went to conquery Canaan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>being proud of mass exterminations<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>carry out in ist name<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Joshua 11-12- Bible)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Bush tried<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in vain to raise it from the death because the comments to his justification of war into the name od God is considered blasfemous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>(</span></span><span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">timesonline.typepad.com/&#8230;/2007/08/08/bush_3</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span>Indigenous God on the contary is a life God and always<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>will be live , beause it is the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>life itself and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>It is immanent in life , It is the sacred living in it. It is that “Deus sive Natura “<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>remembered by Spinoza (1883) and celebrate <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by Theilard<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>De Chardin as the spiritual </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">power of matter (1919 ) and we can to meet him once again. It is waiting for us with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>indigenous peoples. They preserve the secret of sacred way , that I have named after<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“Tao of Fisics (Capra F.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1982) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“Tao of Ecology “ ( Goldsmith E.1997),</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>TAO<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of Anthropology” :  the title of the work that I am drafting and of which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>this paper and other presented in this Congress,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are chapters. I hope to be succeed in re-opening this sacred way, with the support of thought and feeling of indigenous peoples and of anthropologist communities<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gathered in this Congress.We must save them for saving us. We must to go up again toghether near<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>precious indigenous societies,, supporting<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>them to corroborate their ethnoresistence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and raising our voice in their defence.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In a different way<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in comparison to western religions, eastern ones’ have never<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>abjured their magic religious totemic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>heritage, and,  as anthroplogists we can<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to hope<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to safegard<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>not only the object of our research<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>globalization is robbing, but also  to find the  source <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of regeneration and re-humanization for the whole humankind.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Really, I think that the sun of Anthropological future, is rising by eastern…..</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Antonia Bertocchi</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">22 April 2008</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Earth mondial day</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.google.it/search?q=earth+day"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000;">http://www.google.it/search?q=earth+day</span></a></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span> Toward   a TAO<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>OF<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>ANTHROPOLOGY<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>( Antonia Bertocchi )</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">Bibliography</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-Bateson G. (1985):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Verso un’ecologia della mente.</em> Adelphi, Milano.</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">.Bateson G. (1997) : <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Una sacra unità. Altri passi verso un’ecologia della mente..</em> Adelphi, Milano.</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-Beccaria G. ( 2007 ):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’atmosfera sporca i mari</em>: intervista a Serena Massolo. Tuttoscienze. La Stampa Quot. 19-12</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">- </span>Bertocchi A.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(2006 a): “<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Eco-source concept, for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>an epistemological renewal of “Eco-Museum</em> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anthropology</em>”:General topic . XV Congresso IUAES- ICAES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>2K3. Università di<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Firenze<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>5-12. Luglio 2003:”:”Human Impact on Nature”:. Trad it.: S.E.A.S. Atena ed: Napoli, 2006): Il concetto di Ecofonte per un rinnovamento epistemologico<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dell’Antropolgia eco-museale</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> .</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-Bertocchi A. (2006 b) : <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Il contributo del concetto antropologico di cultura al processo di</em> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">umanizzazione”</em>. Paper :<span style="text-decoration: underline; text-underline: words;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>XVI Congresso A.A.I., (Università di Genova: 29-31 ottobre 2005)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sul tema. “Il processo di Umanizzazione “. ATTI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pubblicati da Edicolors Publishing, Milano 2006. CD Rom +DVD+ vol</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> .</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-Bertocchi A (2007 <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Il<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>concetto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>di Ecofonte, come contributo ala rifunzionalizzazione della</em> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tradizione popolare, nel contesto attuale e alla innovazione delle politiche comunicative eco-museali</em>”. Paper : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>IX Congresso A.I.S,E,A, sul tema: “ Antropologia e territorio: Musei e politiche comunicative” 1-3 Luglio 2004, Università<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Sapienza, Roma. Etnoantropologia n°1-2007.Rivista n line dell’A.I.S E.A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(</span><a href="http://www.aisea.it/"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000; font-size: small;">www.aisea.it</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">)   </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">e<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span><a href="http://www.interactionsonline.com/"></a><a href="http://www.interactionsonline.com/"></a><a href="http://www.interactionsonline.com">www.interactionsonline.com</a> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-Bertocchi A. (2008 a ) : “ <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’antropologia lo stato dell’arte e le nuove frontiere</em>”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Congresso- in onore del Prof. Chiarelli ( Lezione magistrale)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Università di Torino, 25 settembre<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>2006 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S.E.A.S (Studi etno-antropologici<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sociolgici-Atena napoli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>n. 36)&#8211;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Idem &#8211;“ECO”, Educazione sostenibile- Torino, Febbraio 2007.</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bertocchi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>A. (2008 b ):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Recensione a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>“Sistemica : voci e percorsi della complessità</em>”. “Telfener U, Casadio L. a cura di- Boringhieri –Torino,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>2003.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>–Anthropos (</span><a href="http://www.antrocom.it/"></a><a href="http://www.antrocom.it/"></a><a href="http://www.antrocom.it)">www.antrocom.it</a><a href="http://www.antrocom.it)"></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;">Be<span style="font-size: small;">rtocchi A.  (2008 c, ) Anthropologie et Ecomuséologie - Anthropology &amp; Ecomuseology- <a href="http://www.interactions-online.com">http://www.interactions-online.com</a></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bertocchi A.. ( 2009 a, ) <em>Beni immateriali o Etnofonti? Rilevanza ecomuseale della Legge Lombarda sui beni immateri</em>ali <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bertocchi A. ( 2009 b -  forthvcoming, ) <em>Urgent tutelage of cultural diversity of indigenous peoples by applied Anthropology of the Environmental Culture&#8221;</em> Session/Panel &#8221; Applied Anthropology, Development and Cultural Diversity /Chairperson Prof P. R. G. Mathur &#8221; Humanity, Development and Cultural Diversity. The 16th World Congress-IUAES The International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences- World Congress held from July 27 to July 31, 2009 in Kunming, Yunnan University f China Notice of Topics and Program of the Academic Sessions/Panels, IUAES 2009- http://www.icaes2009.org . 4-058 - Italy_ </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">             </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">&#8211; Bertocchi A. ( 2010) : <em>L’ecomuseologia fra turismo sostenibile ed insostenibile: dalle emegenze sistemiche in campo   teorico, alle induzioni  sistemiche nelle applicazioni  pratiche .-</em> S.E.A.S. Studi Etno-antropologici Sociologici&#8211;Vol 38 Edizioni S.E.A.S. Napoli. Italian translation of the paper: (Forthcoming) &#8220;<em>Ecomuseology Between Sustainable and Untenable Tourism. From Systemic Emergencies In Theoretical Field, to Systemic Induction in Practical Applications&#8221;</em> Paper and Ppt: Humanity, Development and Cultural Diversity- The 16th World Congress-IUAES The International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences- hold from July 27 to July 31, 2009 in Kunming, Yunnan University (Yunnan Province of China) Notice, Topics and Program of the Academic Sessions/Panels, IUAES 2009- <a href="https://www.icaes2009.org">https://www.icaes2009.org</a> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Chairperson of the Session 4-058 - Italy</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">- Capra <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>F.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>(1982 )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Il Tao della Fisica</em>. Adelphi, Milano</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">- </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Chiarelli B. (1993) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: Bioetica Globale</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Pontecorboli. Firenze</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">- </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Chiarelli B. (2003): Co2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>oltre la carta di Kyoto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antropologia Mediterranea. </em>Systema Naturae. Vol 5-2003- , Medical Books<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>. Palermo.</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-Chiarelli B (2003-.2004) : <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dalla Natura alla Cultura. Principi di antropologia biologica</em> e </span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">culturale</span></em><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Tre volumi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Piccin, Ed Padova.</span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-Chiarelli B. (2005 a): . <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Global Bioethics</em>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Firenze University   Press </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8211;C</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ollins T.(2008<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-Apr-) In<span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">digenous peoples hardest hit by climate change describe impacts-</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">t</span></span></span></span> erryc<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><a href="mailto:terrycollins@rogers.com"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman;">ollins@rogers.com</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> tel.:416-538-8712 </span></span><a href="http://www.unu.edu/"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman;">United Nations University</span></a><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">-C</span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">omandé M.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(2007): <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Conferenza del Cairo :Sovrappopolazione e sottosviluppo</em>.   </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> IV°: Quale futuro. </span><a href="http://digilander.libero.it/marco173/tesi.html"><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000;"><a href="http://digilander.libero.it/marco173/tesi.html"></a></span></a><span style="background-color: #ffffaa; font-family: Times New Roman; color: #ff0000;"><a href="http://digilander.libero.it/marco173/tesi.html">http://digilander.libero.it/marco173/tesi.html</a></span><a href="http://digilander.libero.it/marco173/tesi.html">.</a></span>  </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-Crutzen P.J. (2005) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: Benvenuti nell’Antropocene</em>. Mondadori Milano</span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">De Benoist A., 2008, <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Comunità e decrescita </span></em></span></span></span>. <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Critica della Ragion Mercantile.Dal sistema dei consumi globali, alla civiltà dell’economia locale</span></em>. Arianna ed. Bologna.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">De Benoist A., 2008, <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Comunità e decrescita </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Critica della Ragion Mercantile.Dal sistema dei consumi globali, alla civiltà dell’economia locale</span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Arianna ed. Bologna.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">De Chardin Th., 1919, <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">La puissance spirituelle de la Matière </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Jersey ( agosto 1919). In: P.T. De Chardin, Immagini e parole. Ed. Il Saggiatore Milano 1969 p.60.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Demografia storica (Encarta): <a href="http://it.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761589333/Demografia_storica.html">http://it.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761589333/Demografia_storica.html</a>.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Devall, W. and G. Sessions. 1985. <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Deep Ecology: Living As if Nature Mattered </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">Salt Lake City: Gibbs M. Smith, Inc. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Di Caprio L. (2007) ..<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Leonardo Di Caprio’s The 11th Hour Currently in International Release </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">www.11thtouraction.com ; <a href="http://www.11thtourfilm.com">www.11thtourfilm.com</a>.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Drengson, Alan. (1995) :<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">The Deep Ecology Movement. North Atlantico Books </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Deep-Ecology-Movement-Introductory">http://www.amazon.com/Deep-Ecology-Movement-Introductory</a>.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Exxson Mobile (2008): -<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Exxson cut ties to global warming skeptics </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">&#8220;,MSNBC, 2007-01-12. Retrieved on 2007-05-02; 2-Sandell, Clayton. &#8220;Report: Big Money Confusing Public on Global Warming&#8221;, ABC, 2007-01- Retrieved on 2007-04-27; 3-&#8221;Greenpeace: Exxon still funding climate skeptics&#8221;, USA Today, 2007-05-18. Retrieved on 2007-07-09. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Georgescu Roegen N., 1971,&#8221;<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">The entropy law and the economic process&#8221;, </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">Cambridge (USA): Harvard University Press, 1971.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Georgescu Roegen N.,1998, <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Energia e miti economici</span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">, Bollati Boringhieri Torino.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Georgescu Roegen N., 2004, <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Bioeconomia </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Bollati Boringhieri Torino.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Goldsmith E. ( 1992): <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">The way: an ecological World –View</span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Shambala Publications. Random House, Boston. Trad ir.: Il Tao dell’Ecologia. Muzzio Padova 1997.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gore Al., 2006, <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">An inconvenient truth</span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Trad it. &#8220;<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Una scomoda verità&#8221;.Come salvare la terra dal riscaldamento globale</span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Rizzoli, Milano. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcUTKPivpdk-<span style="font-family: Times,Times;"><span style="font-family: Times,Times;">23 </span></span>THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH ON GLOBAL CHANGE, MIGRATIONS AND RESOURCES </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 34pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gualerzi V., 2008, <em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman;">Amory Lovins L’eco-ottimsta che cambia l’ America. </span></span></em></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.repubblica.it/2007/12/sezioni/ambiente/ottimismo/ottimismo-due/ottimismo-due.html">http://www.repubblica.it/2007/12/sezioni/ambiente/ottimismo/ottimismo-due/ottimismo-due.html</a>.</span></span></span></p>
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		<title>Marks  of &#8221; The People of the Sun&#8221;  by f Heliopolitan Theology  impressed on Ello&#8217;s menhir?</title>
		<link>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2009/03/10/marks-of-the-people-of-the-sun-by-f-heliopolitan-theology-impressed-on-ellos-menhir/</link>
		<comments>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2009/03/10/marks-of-the-people-of-the-sun-by-f-heliopolitan-theology-impressed-on-ellos-menhir/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2009 08:11:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia della Cultura Ambientale]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia della cultura ecomuseale]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia della cultura preistorica]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[disco solare tricaudato]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[Teologia Eliopolitana]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Marks  of &#8221; The People of the Sun&#8221;  by f Heliopolitan Theology  impressed on Ello&#8217;s menhir?
 
 
XXIII Valcamonica  SYMPOSIUM   2009
Arte Preistorica e Tribale
28 ottobre – 2 novembre
 

“Produrre storia dalla preistoria: il ruolo dell&#8217;arte rupestre”.

 







Ello (Ell - dialect ) is an urban district of  1.110 inhabitants in Province of Lecco (Lombardia-Italy )      and a farmer and industrial [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Marks<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of &#8221; The People of the Sun&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by f Heliopolitan Theology<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>impressed on Ello&#8217;s menhir?</span></span></em></strong></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;">XXIII Valcamonica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: BookAntiqua; color: black; font-size: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-family: BookAntiqua;">SYMPOSIUM<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;">2009</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT,Bold; color: black; font-size: 24pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT,Bold';"><strong>Arte Preistorica e Tribale</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; color: black; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">28 ottobre – 2 novembre</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; color: black; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><font face="Times New Roman"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><strong><em>“Produrre storia dalla preistoria: il ruolo dell&#8217;arte rupestre”.</em></strong></span></p>
<p></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></p>
<div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><strong><em></em></strong></div>
<div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><strong><em></em></strong></div>
<div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><strong><em></em></strong></div>
<div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><em><br />
</em></strong></span></div>
<p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Ello (Ell - dialect ) is an urban district of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1.110 inhabitants in Province of Lecco (Lombardia-Italy )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span>and a farmer and industrial centre of Brianza) placed on green western lopes of Mount<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Regina</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">(817 mt.) to SE of Annone Lake. It is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>known in the field of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Pre.historic Art,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>because in the place<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of Boggia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has been discovered<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a mysterious rock, an historiated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>menhir<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>on which are<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>engraved a solar disk with three rays<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and an human figure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>with a crown and an axe, and a solar disk pointed into its centre (Copper age: IV°-III° b.C.)</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> (http://www.scoprilecco.it/archeologia/ello/ello.html </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This discovery is happened within a part of an<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>builtnup area<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which has given back<span style="color: #000000;"> <span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Square Mouth Pottery</span>( Neolithic Age: VI°- IV° mill. b.C.) and many others<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bronze<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>weapons, the most ancient<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in Norhern Italy. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>1: Hello Menhir</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"> <a href="http://www.scoprilecco.it/archeologia/ello/ello.html">http://www.scoprilecco.it/archeologia/ello/ello.html</a></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Casini S. and Fossati A 81994 p.93), have supposed that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>&#8220;disks and circle should<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>precede<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the anthropomorphous<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and axe : in fact disk<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>with three raies and axe are </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>present on monuments<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Cornal, Caven 3 and Valgella.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>2</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;">    </span></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Cornal,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">            </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>Caven 3 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">            </span>(Teglio Valtellina)Valgella<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://www.castfvg.it/articoli/paleoastronomia/valtellina_002.jpg</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://www.dariobenetti.it/fotop/Valgella.jpg.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">These<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ancient steles<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has been<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>attribute to &#8220;an ancient period of the evolutionary process<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>monumentl compositions which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is carried out in copper age and which forsees the progressive </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">passsage passage from an<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>almost<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>abstract symbolism<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to the anthropomrphous<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>representation</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">(De Marinis 1988 pp.143-144): ; Poggiani-Keller R. 1989 fig.23; 3-5)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">During this work I am not interested to the anthropomorphous, because it has been<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>observed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>&#8220;The type of stone of Ello&#8217;s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>menhir</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">isent&#8217;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>suitable for a careful piece of work , and then the quality of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>historization , particularly those<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>regarding human figure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>results very<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rough<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Casini- Fossati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>-quoted )</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Rock of sun (Paspardo) and Borno Rock</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Gaspani A. (2008) has<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>put to comparaison <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>three tailed disck of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ello </em></strong>with the cycle-morph symbol<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the same way mysterious ) engraved on the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rock surface<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>near<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;Capitello two<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pines&#8221; at Paspardo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Valcamonica: on the left ) and with the rock of Borno<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Valcamonica: on the right)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hypothesizing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that these<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>representations<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>should to keep <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the historical memory of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the dawn fall of an asteroid (perhaps that of Koefels<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>or the direct observation of its falling. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">www.ecoantropolgia.net, Padani mysteries http://antikitera.forumattivo.com/archeologia-in-italia-f1/</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Table 4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Gaspani Reproductions od Ello menhir</span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                    </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In fact also previously<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Gaspani (2000)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ascertaining<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the strong resemblance between<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Camunians &#8217;symbols<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Valtellina&#8217;s ones, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>had <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thought that it should<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>may be a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>theomorphous<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>symbol </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">representing something of extraordinary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>really observed in the sky<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">&#8220;by peoples<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>geographically<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>distant between them and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>endowed with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>different culture . They were<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gave evidence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the same<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>event<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>: perhaps the appearance of a very l bright<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>comet<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>passed between two stars which</em> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can be seen<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>with the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>naked eye</em>&#8220;. In <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>reason of the fact<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>anthropomorphous<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>should represent a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>praying figure. The impression is that of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a praying man turned to a sky in which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>stands out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a three talled<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>symbol between the two others : this suggests<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by itself the idea that the symbolized <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>object could<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>be seen high in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the sky and than it were an astronomical <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>object&#8221;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">And it is just on this<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>symbol<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>I have focalized my attention</span></em></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> , but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>preliminarily, it ought to make clear that we dont&#8217; to exclude that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Raetic Alps peoples<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>should be<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>characterized by cultural homogeneity or common cultural<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>roots,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dating back to proto-historic age. On the contrary, Camunis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(or Camunnis&#8217; )dont&#8217;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>be limited to Camonica Valley <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(perhaps their latest<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>haunt )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>having been described<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by ancient authors as a &#8220;Raetic Culture &#8220;because regarding<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Raetic Alps<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>enclosing Valtellina. (</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichi_Camuni )</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Classical sources have been considered<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>reliable<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>within academic framework<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>De Marinis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>R. (1988b) and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Fedele <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>F. (1988) which have connected Camuni to Raetic environment, on the basis of common heritage of manners and social accessories of a region conteined between<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Italian Alps and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the hight region of Reno.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shepherd-c-026-027.jpg cartina</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Obiouvsly<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>the first communities of neolitic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>farmers <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>coming out from Delta of Nile River<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Palestina&#8217;s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and Danube Region , completed one-another with those of hunter- gatherers , which were<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>starting from Superior Paleolithic , forming<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>settlements<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>scattered as leopard spots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Castelletti L 2009. personal correspondence)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">Table 5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Raetic Region</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">Please<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tale also notice of</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p><strong><span>Table 6 Language Homogeneity of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Raetic Region</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"> http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Socii</span></p>
<p><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">Linguistic map of Italy in the 6th century BC</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">. <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gallic tribes (in dark blue) had already colonised the region of </em></span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Piedmont"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-underline: none;">Piedmont</span></a></span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">. By 400 BC, they had overrun much of the rest of the Po plain in the North, and </span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Gaulish"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-underline: none;">Gaulish</span></a></span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"> dialects had displaced Lepontic, Raetic, Etruscan and N. Picene in that region. Raetic survived in the Alps and Etruscan in its heartland, Etruria south of the </span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Appenines"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-underline: none;">Appenines</span></a></span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">. Note the tiny area occupied by the original Latins. Clour scheme: green shades Italic languages; red Etrusco-Raetic; blue Celtic; mauve Illyrian; yellow Greek</span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Socii</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Also Gaspani<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has been appealed by this symbol<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">formed by a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>series of three concentric disks</em></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">by which emerge three series of divergent rays<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>directed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>toward the lower<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>part </span></em><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">&#8221; because it</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&#8220;<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is engraved also on others nine rocks<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and rock-steles, discovered in Camunian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Valley and Valtellina.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>The analysis conducted by refined Information Technology of &#8220;pattern processing&#8221;,</em></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">has revealed that the ten symbols are highly<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>correlated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between them, even if they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>are<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>engraved on finds<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>discovered<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to several kilometres of distance between one another, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>more that very probably<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>they trace back their origin by that of Paspardo</span></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Courier New; font-size: x-small;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>http://www.antiqui.it/archeoastronomia/camuni.htm)<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> &#8211;</em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">It is a very charming symbol, about which it was advanced the hypothesis that the three solar disks<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>may to represent the sunset on the horizon in front of the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lying below landscape, during Solstices and Equinoces (.<em>Codebò M., Barale P., Castelli M., De Santis H., Fratti L., Gervasoni E. (1999)</em></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.archaeoastronomy.it/cap2pidis1.JPG&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.archaeoastronomy.it/indagine_archeoastronomica.htm&amp;usg)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In this case the metaphorical process<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>had work both on the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>evident<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dimensions and on the life force of the sun, considered<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sacred, immanent and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>magic , because it culminates both during<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Summer Solstice and midday. In fact we cannot <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>exclude that the three solar disks being concentric,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>may to mould and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>emulate <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>circadian cycle during its three daily phases: as to say :little at the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>daybreak,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>greater at the midday and maximum to the sunset.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">These interpretations are reinforced by the very satisfactory explication of the strange &#8220;U&#8221; furrows<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>engraved on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the theomorphous <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>petroglyph of Caven 3 Stele , Cornal, Borno 1 , Osimo C side, and others<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sites.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In fact, on these petroglyphs, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>faithfully engraved a way to furrow<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the fields still practised at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Folk level and photographed by the authors into the fields (of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bottom of he valley <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lying below )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>furrowed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>by several<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>curved and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>parallel marks , having the form of an &#8220;U&#8221;(alphabetical<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>letter ). Brunod G. ( 1997 p.58)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has found<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>correspondences<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in the way of furrow<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>fields in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Spain-</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(Brunod<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>G. -1997 p.58<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>http://www.archaeoastronomy.it/lettera_all&#8217;astronomia.htm)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">On the basis of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>evidences I am showing by this paper, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think that the symbolic conteiner<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of the </span></em></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>three tailed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>disk is one among<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>many <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>proof, I am gathering (Bertocchi A. 2008 a); Bertocchi A. 2009 a </span></em></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">) about<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the presence of cultural<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>marks<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>brought <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by peoples coming out from Nile<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Delta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in Proto-historic age, previous or contemporary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to the age of immigrations of farmers <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and breeders coming out by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Middle eastern countries and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Balcan ones&#8217; .</span></em></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">These<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>problems<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>may be <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>placed correctly by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>an<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ethno-anthropological<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and historical-religious<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>approach, able to frame them<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>into ideology of solar cults, (being inscribed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>into the arched<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>form of furrows) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which has been utilized for expressing myte-rite systems of agrarian type, having the goal to sustain practical needs by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>magic-religious aims and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>elaborated with the intent to obtain optimum conditions<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>capturing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rays<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by ears of corn and to obtain their better<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>maturity and the best<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>crop,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>made possible by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ploughing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>technics: that at &#8220;U&#8221;,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>probably<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>suitable<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>wheat cultivation in the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>steep<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>alpine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>highlands .</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">It is well true that these type of forrows<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>dont&#8217; appear into <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this three tailed sun</em></strong>, but it, being engraved by three sun , very probably belongs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to an agrarian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>myte-rite system , of which the others steles offer to us<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the frame. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">At the light of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Comparative History of Religion , we can<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>deduce that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>into it,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>it <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is operating<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a process of codification<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>belonging to a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>methaphorical type and process,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>regarding the cycle: life-death -resurrection<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and the world of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the dead<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>into its&#8217; relationships<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>fields fertility.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Since the most ancient and important<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>finds<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of solar cults<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>connected to agriculture into Mediterranean area, were<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>coming from Ancient<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Egypt, it is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>necessary to start from egyptian solar symbols and cults. We start <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the solar disk<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pointed into <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>its centre</em></strong> which in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Egypt language is expressed by the hierogliph <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>determinative<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pointed into the centre<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>formed by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>syllable of two letters , to be pronounced &#8220;Ra&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the name of the god of Sun. Well then it is possible to recognize<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>some<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>isomorphism<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>between egyptian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hierogliphs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of the sun and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the Proto-camuno period one.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 7: Isomorphisms<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>between<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>egyptian hierogliph of sun and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that Protocamunian </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The great elk belongs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Proocamuno period</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>http://www.arterupestre.it/arterupestre/museo/proto3.html (Datazione del Potocamuno : 8.500-5.500 a.C). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">This means<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that peoples coming out from Nile delta <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>up to Alpine area, brought<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>myte-poietic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and ritual systems having a solar-agrarian character ,elaborate since Predynastic period, starting<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>from saharian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>beginnings. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Table 8:Virtual Museum of Camunian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rock Art</span></strong></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Stile</span></em></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Fase</span></span></em></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Periodi <br />
archeologici <br />
corrispondenti</span></em></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Datazione</span></span></em></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Antropo-<br />
morfi</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cervidi</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Armi</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Simboli</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Idoliformi</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Aratri</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Carri</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #fffd9b; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Strutture</span></strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 7.5pt;"><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/Documenti/Ello.%20artcolo,%20biblio%20.k.%20,bozze-%20e%20corrispondenza/museo_pag2.htm"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Proto-</span><span style="color: windowtext;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">Camuno</span></a></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Sub-<br />
naturalistica</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Hialus?</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Epi-<br />
paleolitico</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Prima del<br />
6000 a.C. 5500 a.C.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;" colspan="3">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #edd2f2; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 7.5pt;"><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/Documenti/Ello.%20artcolo,%20biblio%20.k.%20,bozze-%20e%20corrispondenza/museo_pag3.htm"><span style="color: #0000ff;">I</span></a></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Neolitico</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">5500-<br />
4000 a.C.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;" rowspan="2">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 7.5pt;"><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/Documenti/Ello.%20artcolo,%20biblio%20.k.%20,bozze-%20e%20corrispondenza/museo_pag3.htm"><span style="color: #0000ff;">II</span></a></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">A<br />
B<br />
C<br />
Di transiz.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Neolitico</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">4000-<br />
3200 a.C.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #dadafe; border: #ece9d8; padding: 0.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">www_camunity_it-paesi-img-cultura_folklore-museo_preistoria-2_2_jpg.mht</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9: Ramses II°<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Title</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">http://www.cartigli.it/Storica/Titolatura.htm-</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">V Riga:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">SA RA: Ra MS SW MR AMON</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Sun of Ra (Ra has given birth to him- loved by Amon)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 10 : Concordances egyptian camunian</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In these Hierogliphs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>conconrdances<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>egiptian/camunian regarding the image of the sun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rising at the horizon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the sentence in hieroglyph with determinative<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pointing out the sun, rising at the horizon,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>whose structure is exactly alike that of Camunian steles. In this compative frame it is particulary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>meaningful its contextual placing into the representation of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the &#8220;<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aker&#8221;</strong>: the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>double lion, symbolizing the doors of earth ,every morning the sun is walking through , and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>into the representation of &#8220;Ra into Duat&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>brings again us to agrarian cults of death<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and resurrection. About Aker symbology see also.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.duat.it/egittologia_000023.htmhttp://www.popolizio.com/kmt/aker.html&#8211; http://www.touregypt.net/HistoricalEssays/hyrotutor/Learninghieroglyphs3.htm</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Regarding <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>symbology ::www.ecoanropologia.net (home page)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Moreover, for exemple<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the sentence with determinative</span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: DE;" lang="DE"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">which means </span></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">wbn r</span></em></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">a</span></em></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em>m 3</em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">x<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">t</span>:il &#8220;sun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rising to the horizon </em></strong></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">,we can observe: G43-D58-N35 <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">wbn </span>,verb &#8221; to rise&#8221; with determinative N8 mark which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>indicates the rising of the sun ; D21-D36 <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">r</span>a =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sun with determinative of the god Ra A40 ( please to remember that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>son aster<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>was<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>really<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>identified with the divinity of Sun, as to say: Ra); G17 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>for &#8220;over ,on &#8220;; at least N27-X1&amp;Z1 <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">3</span>x<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">t</span> indicates the horizon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mark (N27), X1 is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a phonetic complement<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>and Z1 is the diacritic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mark<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>meaning<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that in this case <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N27 assumes just<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the function<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of ideogram </span></span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(http://www.geroglifici.it/determinativi.htm</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">( GardinerA:1957)<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">However<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the most final prove consists into the careful investigation of this symbol by Betrò M.C.(1995) who, explaining the meaning of the symbol , quotes the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gloss of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Carlsberg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Papyrus 7</em></strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the three-tailed sun is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pointed out ad the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mark of identity of a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mysterious &#8220;<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Poeple<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of Sun&#8221; of Heliopolitan Theology as to say &#8220;The people of God Atum &#8220;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></em></strong>hnmmt&#8221; (associated to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p&#8217;t </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rhyt<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> ) </em></strong>which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>quotation is very ancient and of which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Egyptologists Gardiner and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Gunn have underlined<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the meaning of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">People on which the sun shines</em></strong> &#8221; and their connection with the rising sun and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the new king &#8230; This<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>expression<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>seems<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to be used for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>identify<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>egyptians<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>their-same ( Betrò<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>M.C. quot. p.152 </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">As <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ascertaining in the course of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>research, I am putting<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to disposition of researchers an innovator method of ethno-anthropological type, able to integrate the several field of human and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>natural sciences. I have elaborate it on the basis of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>epistemology and systemics<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>regarding<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>symbolic conteiners <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>produced by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>myte-rites systems. In this way it is possible<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to lay a scientific<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>foundation<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>of problems of research <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and interpretation regarding immaterial culture,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which cant&#8217;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>be understood <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and decoded<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>human sciences tools only. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 11<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>: sun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>with rays</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table by Betro M.C.1995 p..152</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Determinative or ideogram<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>into substantives connected with solar radiation ..3hw&#8221; Light, splendor!,psd=to splend, stwt=raggi. From <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>wbn&#8221;rise&#8221; phonetic value<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>wbn. . It is also the ideogram<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(or<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>phonema ) for hnmmt, the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>name of the mysterious (People of Sun&#8221; of Heliopolitan Theology.,( It is also the ideogram<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(or<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>phonema<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>) for the name of the mysterious (People of Sun&#8221; of Heliopolitan Theology&#8221; (Comment to the table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by Betro-<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Table 12 )</strong></span></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I think that this word &#8221; hnmmt &#8221; formed by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>5 consonants about which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>we dont&#8217; know intervocalical phonetics , could have some<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>relationships with the name of Camuni or Camunni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(Ka<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Amun:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>people of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Amon? ).</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Until recently, the Sumerians of Babylon have been credited with the earliest writing, sometime before 3000 B.C. But <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>according with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Betrò M.C. 1995 pp 11-13) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in 1998, German archaeologist Gunter Dreyer found tablets in southern Egypt that carbon dated to 5300 B.C. Those writings were line drawings of animals, plants and mountains<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>the first signs of hieroglyphics<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which Gunter believes are records of taxes for linen and oil deliveries during the reign of King Scorpion I.&#8221;</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The Japan Times, December 17, 1998 </span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>12 Hieroglyphs as first example of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>a phonetic writing , by King Scorpion<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tomb. (Abydos<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>IVth.° millennium<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>b;C</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Dreyer G. (1992 ):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Inardi M, (2006).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">www.ankhonline.com</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">www.indiana.edu</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Further Anati E. (1966 p. 88) in his<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>monography on&#8221;Borno rock&#8221; came to the conclusion that it, &#8220;like<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>many other<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>similar monuments<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>was the expression of a prehistoric religion of an enormous expansion<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>starting from Neolithic age<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and persistent up to Bronze Age gradually penetrating into the most<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hidden corners of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>European continent&#8221;.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">He reproduces<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Lagundo stele 3 and 4 ( from Alto Adige) , very interesting because<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>show a kind of a dagger<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>known in ancient Egypt<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>and used into Pyramid<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Texts<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in the 3rd millennium b.C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>The name of this Hieroglyph was <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">&#8221; t p y&#8221; meaning<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;dominator&#8221; &#8220;owner&#8221;, the fist&#8221;( </em>Gardiner A. 1954 p.511 n. T,8) </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 13:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Lagundo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Stele by Anati E. (1966 fig.43 p.81))<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 14:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tpy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hieroglyph</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #000000; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> d </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">( </span><span style="color: #000000; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://glyphics.info/glyph/78"><span style="color: #0000cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">http://glyphics.info/glyph/78</span></a></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="sifr-alternate"><strong><span style="background: #a0ffff; color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">tpy</span></strong></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                        </span>first<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                 </span>adjective</span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="sifr-alternate"><strong><span style="background: #a0ffff; color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">tpy</span></strong></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                        </span>beginning<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>noun</span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="sifr-alternate"><strong><span style="background: #a0ffff; color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">tpy</span></strong></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                        </span>chief<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                </span>adjective</span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="sifr-alternate"><strong><span style="background: #a0ffff; color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">tpy</span></strong></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                        </span>to breathe<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">        </span>verb</span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span class="sifr-alternate"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">tp</span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                          </span>first<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                 </span>adjective</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">At first sight these correspondences lay us<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>bewildered,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>because Alpine marks are chronologically precedents to the hieroglyph egyptian system , but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>this problem may be clarified at the light of the fact that the hieroglyph<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>egyptian system<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>presupposes an ideological system<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>of a magic-religious kind, very<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>complex<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and coded since an Archaic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>age</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Betrò, having<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>setting aside<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the theory of a derivation of egyptian hieroglyphs by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the sumerians one&#8217;s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has demonstrated that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>&#8220;hieroglyphs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>writing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>breaks into history as an divine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>gift..the repertory of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hieroglyphs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in a grate part<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>documented into archaic inscriptions, drew to the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span>autochthon heritage: the study of the most ancient version of classical hieroglyphs,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>mine of anthropological informations regarding the more ancient phases of the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>formation of egyptian civilization<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>often<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Paleography and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Archeology<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>illuminate each others: It is possible that the </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">anonymous scribes<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>who<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>made to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>point into a definitive way<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the hieroglyph code,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>should have<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>drown<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stylistic tradition <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of predynastic painting <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which had<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>made perfect since precedent centuries<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>elaborated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rules of representation (Betrò M.C. 1995 pp 11-13). </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">One prove<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>this pottery fragment<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of a vessel belonging to the II° Dynasty (2.800 B.C )coming from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the Tomb of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Peribsen -(Donanoni-Roveri A.M. and Tiradritti F.-a cura di- 1998) into which the hieroglyphs of the sun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pointed , clearly shows the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>phonetic syllabus &#8220;Ra&#8221;.We also must to pay attention to the fact that Bernal M. (1994 p .XVI°) has <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>retrodated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the Second Dynasty to the, 3.200 b.C. and this means that we can deduce hat the presence of this symbol in Alpine area<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>can<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>ascend again<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>only<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>to precedent ages, even if, obiouvsly<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>in this specific case<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>it could be engraved in a posterior period, being the well known<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>ethni-resistence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of Folk traditions<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>trough space and time</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 15: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pottery fragment of a vessel belonging to the II° Dynasty (3.200 b.C</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">By consequence the three-tailed Sun is a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>symbolic conteiner which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>keeps an iconological continuity<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>extended<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>from saharian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>abysses of Pre-Dynastic and runs across dynastic ages identfying the mysterious people of the Sun , about which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>there is still all to be discovered : That mades<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>sensible<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the hypothesis that ethnical groups coming from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Nile delta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(since<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pre-dynastic age)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>carrying out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>agriculture in Italy and in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Europe, (together with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>their<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>myte-rites systems )</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">should prefer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>during their first migratory<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>processes<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>to go up again the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Po river and others padanian rivers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>with the aim to settle<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>into<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>mountain zones<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>rather than<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>onto the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Padan Plain very hazardous being full of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>marches, forestes , whirlpools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which made<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Po River<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>navigable with difficulty and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the field always<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>submitted to the risk of inoundations. only in bronze age<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the development of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>egyptian and sumerian hydraulic engineering will allow.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">The centre of the egyptian cult of the Sun, were Heliopolis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>(suburb of Cairo city called by egyptians <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Huno</span><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"> Heliopolis</span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"> (or <strong>On</strong>) (<a title="Greek language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Greek</span></a>: </span></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Ἡ</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">λίου πόλις or </span></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Ἡ</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">λιούπολις), meaning sun-city, was one of the most ancient cities of </span><a title="Egypt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Egypt</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, and capital of the 13th </span><a title="Lower Egypt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Egypt"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Lower Egyptian</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><a title="Nome (Egypt)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">nome</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"> The city&#8217;s <a title="Egyptian language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_language"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Egyptian</span></a> name (shown in <a title="Egyptian hieroglyph" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hieroglyphs</span></a>, right, <a title="Transliteration of ancient Egyptian" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration_of_ancient_Egyptian"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">transliterated</span></a> <em>ỉwnw</em>), is often <a title="Transcription (linguistics)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">transcribed</span></a> as <em>Iunu</em> (literally &#8220;[place of] pillars&#8221;), and was often written in Greek as </span></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Ὂ</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ν <em>On</em>, and in </span><a title="Biblical Hebrew language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">biblical Hebrew</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> as אן<em>Ôn</em> and און <em>Āwen</em>.(</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient) </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This centre were very important above all at the beginning of the egyptian history: Perhaps it was <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the capital of the country during pre-dynastic age</em></strong>., because its theology were the more ancient. .Instead its priests<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>were very important during the Ancient Kingdom. The tutor God of Heliopolis was Ra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>who had a great<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>prestige<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>above all during the First Dynasty when pharaohs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>used to enclose into their names<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>the term &#8220;Ra&#8221; . http://digilander.libero.it/ombradeglidei/mappa.htm</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The God Ra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>assimilated to Atum,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>being embodied<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>into the Phoenix<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>and into Mnevis bull. In Heliopolis. just in honour of Ra , kings of the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>V Dynasty<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>build<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>their temples . The clergy of Heliopolis was, during the wole history of the Egypt,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>one of he most important and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>influential.<span class="modul2"><span style="font-family: "> (www.</span></span> s<span class="modul2"><span style="font-family: ">apere_it eliopoli.mht)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Its religious importance ascients to Predynastic period<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>results by the pre-eminence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of the local God Atum,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>primordial divinity<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of Heliopolitan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. Ennead<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>. Atum is followed by four divinity : Shu 8air) and Tefnut (water)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Geb<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(earth)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and Nut (sky), by which descend<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the four generations of Gods: Osiris. Iisis, Seth and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Nefty (www.sapere_it eliopoli.mht).</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 16 :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Heliopolis hierogliph </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eliopoli in scrittura </span><a title="Geroglifico" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geroglifico"><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: small;">geroglifica</span></a></span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ỉwnw - Iunu - la città dei pilastri</span></em></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliopolihttp://www.archaeogate.org/spid/disp_pic.php?cat=delta_nilo&amp;pic=1 Eliopolis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>belongs to the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13°<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>nomo and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is translated in egyptian as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8221; Iunu&#8221; </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Iunu, the egyptian name of Heliopolis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>brings<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a linguistic bases enclosed in many toponimous of Tanspadanian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>regions of a probable<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>egyptian or accadic-sumerian origin , I am interested to,</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">in order to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>substain the hypotesis of an egyptian presence in Padanian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Valley (Bertocchi A. 2008; 2009).For example. Saronno (into Varese province )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>seems <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>descend by Sa-Ra-On (Hun-on) and to mean : &#8220;son of Ra&#8221;, as to say &#8220;the city of Sun&#8221; ( with Saronni = italian surname, Sharon = female inglish name and jewish name: &#8220;</span><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Sharon</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"> (<a title="Hebrew language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hebrew</span></a>: </span></span><span style="font-family: " dir="rtl" lang="HE">שָׁרוֹן</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">‎, Tiberian Hebrew: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Šārôn</span>, Spanish: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sharòn</span>, Portuguese: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sharão</span>) can be a female or male name which can be spelled with one &#8220;r&#8221; or two (Sharron<sup>]</sup> It also refers to several places in the world.&#8221;:-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">These etymologies will stop to seem rash to the light of those<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>at last accepted by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>academics as .it. Onofrio from Unnefer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(english :Humphrey)= the good the perfect person; Susanna from Sashen = she of the Loto and Isidoro (from Isis has done- doro being greek word meaning gift) (( Jacq. C. 1995<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pp137-138; Capart J. 2008 p.56.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In the same way<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>it is possible<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to draw Matilde from Maat,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ramon from Ra.Amon and Orazio, orazione<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>from Ra-Harakhty( horakty):Please see on this topic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>forum of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>http://www.cairomontenotte.com/abramo/antares/2003/24.html )</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Regarding &#8220;Ello&#8221; (Dialect Ell), it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>may derive from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ellu, which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Semerano G.<span style="color: #000000;"> (1984 p, 632) derives from accadic &#8220;high&#8221;, meaning &#8221; superior&#8221; and god<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span>(quoted <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.693); word indicating also acropolis (elu-elium (ivi p. 516)(as <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ilio-Troia):</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In fact Ello<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is to an<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>altitude of 817 m <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on sea level .Very significant <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is the fact that Atum, born from the primordial ocean (the Nun,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>similar to the Po Valley<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>always<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>invaded by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>water ) in order to give <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>beginning<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to the creation,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>went up an hill :http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogonia-</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Analogous is the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>greek voice &#8220;Helios&#8221; the God of Sun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>called by the Romans<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;Elio&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>derived by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the semitic God &#8220;El&#8221;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><a title="Hebrew language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-underline: none;">Hebrew</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">: </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: HE;" lang="EN">אל</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">‎; </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><a title="Greek language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-underline: none;">Greek</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">: </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EL;" lang="EL">Ελ</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">) or <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Eli</span> is the </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><a title="Northwest Semitic languages" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Semitic_languages"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; text-underline: none;">Northwest Semitic</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> word and name either translated into English as &#8220;god&#8221; or &#8220;God&#8221; or left untranslated as <em>El</em>, depending on the context) , which has correspondence in Ugaritic, Phoenician, Hebrew, Accadic and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Aramaic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>language. <span style="color: #000000;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_(god)#Linguistic_forms_and_meanings</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Camunian rose , an agyptian symbol?</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>presence, in Lecco&#8217;s province and in Val Camonica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>of egyptian communities<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>could be further confermed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by the comparative study <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the egyptian determinative for &#8220;city&#8221; expressed by the ideogram , it is also into<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the coat of arms of Heliopolis,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>meaning<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>&#8220;city&#8221;, to be read Niwt ( Niut )</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(http://www.cartigli.it/Linguistica/geroglifici.htm )</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">It has a very surprising<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>resemblance with the <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">camunian rose, </em></strong>which has been<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>found for <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>92 times among<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>350.000 rock art engravings.(</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_camuna) .</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">According to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Brunod</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> G.- Ferreri W.- Ragazzi G.( 1999) the most ancient<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>exemple<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of &#8220;rose&#8221; belongs to the Vucedol culture : the artist has enclosed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>four &#8220;little cups&#8221; within<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a curve line </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">(which seems a &#8220;camunian rose&#8221;,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>whereas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>those<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>outsides are represented by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>images having<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>form<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>of stars . </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">It is very<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>similar to that of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>&#8220;Nadro Foppe&#8221;, and let us to think<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>that <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">camunian roses could be an</em></strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">indicators of living centers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>so as the egyptian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>determinative for &#8220;city&#8221;.</em></strong> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>http://www.wwmm.org/storie/storia.asp?id_storia</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 17 :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Comparaison among Vucedol rose (at the left) and camunian</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><a href="http://www.adquintum.info/Rosa/rosafoto1.html"></a><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        </span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>www.comune.pisa.it/&#8230;/rosacam_p.jpg </span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.wwmm.org/storie/storia.asp?id_storia</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Vucedol culture developed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>between   3000 e il 2.400 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b..C. was very able to work the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>copper<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>has been documented near <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vukovar, to the present at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the eastern<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>confine <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Croatia and Serbia into a middle way <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between Hungary and Bosnia, where Danube River and Vuka are meeting. </span></span><a href="http://www.adquintum.info/Rosa/rosa3.html"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://www.adquintum.info/Rosa/rosa3.html</span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>could <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>not to be astonished<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>if<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>further<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>careful investigations will bring out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>decoding<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>quoted <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>roots<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(and others <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>paleolanguage roots as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Annone Lake <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>&#8220;Cur-one&#8221; Pak and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>so on, bringing to the dentification<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of Camuni (hnmmt ?)&#8221; and Raetic peoples <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( rhyt?)with ethno-cultural groups coming out from Egypt </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is it the question of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the mysterious &#8220;<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">People of the sun <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of Heliopolitan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Theology?&#8221; </em></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Here some <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>evidences. into others maps engraved on rocks, with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>topographic composition into Archeological Park of Bedolina-Seradina -Capo of Ponte (Brescia) (Morretta A.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>2006 pp 30-40</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>18: Rock<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Bedolina : topographic map flanked by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a camunian rose </span></span></strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>http://www.archeocamuni.it/images/img132.jpg</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">(Morretta A. 2006 p.31)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 19 : Rock Bedolina : topographic map with pointed sun</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://www.archeocamuni.it/images/img139.jpg</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Morretta A. ( 2006 p. 34)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Table 20:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Camunian rose<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>with pointed sun</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: DE;" lang="DE">720 x 470 - 146k - jpg - www.themodernantiquarian.com/&#8230;/10674.jpg</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: DE;" lang="DE"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">compared with </span></span></span></p>
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</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Heliopolis written by hieroglyphs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/img_fullsize/10674.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/95&amp;usg=__r6Xj7SUQl_d_MIY2caFKTis9myU=&amp;h=470&amp;w=720&amp;sz=146&amp;hl=it&amp;start=13&amp;um=1&amp;tbnid=4HE7YRtBPAP9UM:&amp;tbnh=91&amp;tbnw=140&amp;prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcamunian%2Brose%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dit%26rlz%3D1W1GPEA_it%26sa%3DG</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>observe how Tehenu palette <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is similar</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">Table<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>21<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> :Tehenu palette</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"> Cairo Mus. C.G. 14238<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">684 x 1174 - 197k - jpg - xoomer.virgilio.it/&#8230;/palettes/tehenu.jpg</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ttp://www.antikforever.com/Egypte/Dyn/00.htm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">side of the Libyan Palette containing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seven &#8216;cities&#8217; identified by their hieroglyphs, shown within each city wall. Above each city is depicted an animal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Palette )</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Unfortunately<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the very important heritage of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rock Art,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is leaved to inclemency of the weather and to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>many forms of <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vandalism</em></strong> in vain<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>denounced by several organizations and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>experts</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">(http://www.google.it/search?hl=it&amp;q=vandalismi+arte+preistorica&amp;btnG=Cerca+con+Google&amp;meta=&amp;rlz=1W1GPEA_it&amp;aq=f&amp;oq= Cerca con Google.mht )</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not only in Val Camonica </em></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.rupestre.net/tracce_php/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=39</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">but also all over the world</span></span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.google.it/search?hl=it&amp;q=vandalism+prehistoric+art&amp;btnG=Cerca+con+Google&amp;meta=&amp;rlz=1W1GPEA_it&amp;aq=f&amp;oq=</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">and from Unesco : </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #000000; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><cite><span style="font-style: normal; color: #000000; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">www.unesco.beniculturali.it/getFile.php?id=61 http://www.google.it/search?hl=it&amp;rlz=1W1GPEA_it&amp;q=umberto+sansoni++ccsp+memoria+ferita&amp;btnG=Cerca&amp;meta=</span></span></cite></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Seglie D<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </em>(2004); Seglie D.(2008):<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(http://oscarb1.blogspot.com/2008/12/arte-rupestre.html- and Seglie D.(2009)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">and by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dipartimento C.C.S.P. (Sansoni U..2008) http://www.simbolisullaroccia.it/archivio/memoriaferita.htm</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">How to save our<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>precious but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>wounded and enjured <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>memory</span></span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.geofilosofia.it/news/Manifesto_Valcamonica.pd f<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="titolo" style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB">Fortunately<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>by this point of view<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ello&#8217;s Menhir<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is a good example of conservation and tutelage , because it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>preserved into the Archaeological <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Museum of Lecco </span></p>
<p class="titolo" style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="titolo" style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="titolo" style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: " lang="EN-GB"><strong>Table 22 : Ello Menhir<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>preservd into Archaeological Museum of Lecco</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.museilecco.org/museostorianaturale.htm</span></span></strong></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></em></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">but this form of conservation <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>practicable only <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>little objects</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;">By consequences<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>it is very<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>necessary and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>urgent to elaborate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>an </span></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Eco-Museum Project</span></em></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">by which <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to succeed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>not only in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>protecting <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>this<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Rock Art valuable heritage, but also into studying it by appropriated method of decoding <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>coming out from a new hitherto unknown alliance between Anthropology and Ecomuseology, I named “Eco-Museums Antropology”. It must to be considered as an emergent transdisciplinary field of Theoretical and practical investigations which can regenerate both of them <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.interactions-online.com/" target="_blank"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #800080; font-size: small;">http://www.interactions-online.com</span></span></a><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">; in <span style="text-decoration: underline; text-underline: words;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">www.ecoantropologia.net. </span></span>It is founded on the new Paradigm: the “Anthropology of Environmental Culture”,centred on the innovator concept of “Eco-source (Bertocchi A. 2003; 2007; 2009 c) </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">With the purpose to gather necessaries collaborations, I propose</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-to found &#8221; a new Society: the “ECO MUSEUM ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY” aiming the goal to gate not only to find Ecomuseums<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>having<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a naturalistic tipology , but also to transform &#8220;every DEA Museum in a <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">network of Integrated Eco-museum of environment, inside which an innovator LAB of “Anthropology of Environment Culture” could take up in Eco-sources study, some team-works compounded by physical and cultural anthropologists.</em></strong><br />
Then the Cultural History (Ethnohistory), will be recognized as an integral part of Natural History, and man will be able, while is correcting pathologies of Epistemology, to correct the serious errors of behaviour, which have bring him to the present crisis and, succeeding to pass through it, to be good at re-open to next generations, the horizon of the future.&#8221;(Bertocchi A. 2003)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">- The ecomuseums approach<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is also characterized by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>strong<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>involving of local<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>population </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">students and teachers of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>school<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>o every degree and University<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>and cultural institutions operating on the territory - </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper proposes <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to the reflections of the Conference <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rapporteurs, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>some result of the application <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the principle of my new <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>systemic method <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>can demonstrate to be able to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>investigate into <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>profound meanings of immaterial culture which has over all an ecomuseums importance ( Bertocchi A. 2009 b) </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I hope to be succed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>into demonstrating <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the validity of my<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>systemic approach, putting <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in evidence<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>recursive <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">relationships between egyptian determinatives</em></strong> of <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">three-tailed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sun</em></strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">camunian and retich symbol engraved<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>on Ello <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menhir and in more others<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>places of Alpine Arc .</em></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I have also shown a model of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the method intedisciplinary and scientific of my research,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hypothesis it brings <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>out, being <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of a scientific type , because it demands, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>both to be confirmed and to be <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contradicted the utilization of scientific tools </em></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In any case, it is necessary <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to assemble into an équipe , several <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>expert coming by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>many fields of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>knowledge (for example: in our case. by Archaeology, Egyptology, Prehistoric Art, Paleo- Language Sciences , Comparative History of Religion, and Oral Traditions<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ethnohistory , Genethics of Population, Archaeoastronomy, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Evolutionary Biology, History of Agriculture and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>breeding</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">In this way we could take action in corrected investigations of a precious Heritage, and validate the hypothesis </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>a frequentation of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Northern Italy by migratory waves coming out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>to the Nile Delta, getting up Adriatic See and reaching Alpine zone by the tributaries of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>the Po River.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The interest of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Prehistoric Art Studies and the results,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>make necessary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and urgent an </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Eco-Museums Project of Alpine Prehistoric Art.</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Antonia Bertocchi</span></span></em></strong></p>
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		<title>Beni immateriali o Etnofonti?Rilevanza  ecomuseale della Legge Lombarda sui beni immateriali .</title>
		<link>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2009/01/13/beni-immateriali-o-etnofontirilevanza-ecomuseale-della-legge-lombarda-sui-beni-immateriali/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 13:42:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia della cultura ecomuseale]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[Ultime notizie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cultura immateriale]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ecofonte  etnofonte]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Beni immateriali o Etnofonti?
Rilevanza  ecomuseale della Legge Lombarda sui beni immateriali .
Il  17 ottobre 2003, dopo che nel 1999 il Comitato Esecutivo aveva lanciato il programma dei &#8220;Capolavori del patrimonio orale e immateriale dell’umanità” (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) la Conferenza Generale dell&#8217;UNESCO, nel corso della sua 32° sessione, ha approvato [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Beni immateriali o Etnofonti?<br />
Rilevanza  ecomuseale della Legge Lombarda sui beni immateriali .</p>
<p>Il  17 ottobre 2003, dopo che nel 1999 il Comitato Esecutivo aveva lanciato il programma dei &#8220;Capolavori del patrimonio orale e immateriale dell’umanità” (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) la Conferenza Generale dell&#8217;UNESCO, nel corso della sua 32° sessione, ha approvato a Parigi la &#8220;Convenzione per la Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Culturale Immateriale&#8221;<a href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00009-IT-PDF.pdf">http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00009-IT-PDF.pdf</a>.. Così  sintetizzabile dall&#8217;art. .2 : Si intendono per “patrimonio culturale immateriale” pratiche, rappresentazioni, espressioni, conoscenze e i saperi – così come gli strumenti, gli oggetti, i manufatti e gli spazi culturali associati ad essi – che le comunità, i gruppi e, in alcuni casi, gli individui riconoscono come facenti parte del loro patrimonio culturale. Tale patrimonio culturale intangibile, trasmesso di generazione in generazione, è costantemente ricreato dalle comunità e dai gruppi interessati in conformità al loro ambiente, alla loro interazione con la natura e alla loro storia, e fornisce loro un senso di identità e continuità, promuovendo così il rispetto per la diversità culturale e la creatività umana&#8221; La definizione di questo patrimonio culturale immateriale si manifesta attraverso cinque ambiti dell’attività umana: a)  tradizioni e espressioni orali, incluso il linguaggio, intesi come veicolo del patrimonio culturale intangibile;  b)  arti dello spettacolo;<br />
c)..pratiche sociali, riti e feste;  d)  conoscenza e pratiche concernenti la natura e l’universo; <br />
e)..artigianato tradizionale.<br />
Ebbene,  nell&#8217;osservanza di queste  direttive, la Regione Lombardia  ha approvato con  delibera n. VIII   /708 del 14 Ottobre 2008, La Legge Regionale n. 27,  sulla  &#8220;Valorizzazione del patrimonio  culturale immateriale, pubblicata sul  Bollettino Ufficiale del 28 Ottobre 2008 (I°  Suppl.-ord.)  che recepisce  tali principi ponendo le premesse per il finanziamento della  loro effettiva applicazione pratica.<br />
Come ha  commentato con soddisfazione   Massimo Zanello, Assessore  alle Culture, Identità e Autonomie della Regione Lombardia, &#8220;  Per la prima volta in  Italia e forse nel mondo ci si pone quale obbiettivo concreto   la valorizzazione di un aspetto importantissimo delle cultura.,cioè i beni immateriali Fino ad ora le istituzioni avevano  valorizzato solo i beni culturali  materiali, ma la cultura non è solo fatta di monumenti e opere  d&#8217;arte, D&#8217;ora in poi  la Regione potrà sostenere in maniera concreta realtà antiche della Lombardia, e mi riferisco soprattutto ai dialetti e alle lingue locali, che saranno oggetto di una prima azione di catalogazione. Ma penso anche ad antiche manifestazioni popolari come sagre e carnevali, tradizioni musicali , o ancora al  sapere legato alla fabbricazione dei violini a Cremona&#8221;(Lombardia Notizie, n.7- 22/10/2008).<br />
Molto opportuno  giunge questo approccio che coglie l&#8217;embricazione   tra cultura dotta accademica e cultura popolare, ponendo le condizioni operative per  recuperare la cultura  di tradizione orale in tutta la complessità delle sue sopravvivenze . Una complessità che  emerge anche dalle sue relazioni implicite con l&#8217;Ecomuseologia.   Disciplina che contestualizza la cultura di tradizione orale  nel suo ambiente  ecologico ed antropico.   Infatti La  Regione Lombardia ha già emanato una Legge sugli Ecomusei (Legge Regionale n..13 del luglio 2007)  che questa  viene a completare e a sostenere nella sua  progettualità. <br />
Gli ecomusei, nati in Francia da un’idea di Hugues de Varine <a href="http://www.interactions-online.com/">www.interactions-online.com/</a>, con l’intento di stabilire un patto con la comunità locale  che  si impegna a prendersi cura di un territorio, si propongono di raccogliere, conservare e valorizzare la propria eredità, ciò che identifica gli abitanti di un luogo e  lega le persone, la natura e gli oggetti, la cultura vissuta e le tradizioni: A queste caratteristiche si è aggiunta recentemente l&#8217;esigenza  di educare  un pubblico sempre più vasto di appassionati e specialisti, all&#8217;esercizio di un  turismo consapevole  nel contesto di uno sviluppo sostenibile, coinvolgendo in questo processo di autoeducazione, le popolazioni residenti . (Bertocchi A. 2009 a   forthcoming)<br />
Al fine di  sviluppare questi temi e renderli pienamente attuabili, la Regione   ha organizzato il primo workshop della Rete degli Ecomusei di Lombardia <a href="http://www.eremodibienno.it/">http://www.eremodibienno.it/</a> <br />
Nella presentazione   il  Direttore Generale Vicario dell’Assessorato alle Culture e Identità della Regione Lombardia  Alberto Garlandini e diversi esponenti delle realtà ecomuseali provenienti da varie regioni italiane aderenti all&#8217;iniziativa (:Piemonte, Trentino, Emilia-Romagna, Toscana, Molise, Umbria, Puglia, Lazio) hanno discusso delle Reti  Locali e della Rete Italiana degli Ecomusei. nel corso  di un  dibattito, moderato da uHugues de  Varine <br />
(<a href="http://www.bienno.info/media/Media/Comunicato%20stampa%20ws%20ecomusei%20lombardia.pd">www.bienno.info/media/Media/Comunicato%20stampa%20ws%20ecomusei%20lombardia.pd</a> <br />
Il  Coordinatore Regionale degli Ecomusei di Lombardia e Sindaco di Taleggio (Bg), Alberto<br />
Mazzoleni,  ha affermato la necessità di creare  un forte ed istituzionale coordinamento nazionale per gli ecomusei , a sostegno delle migliaia di cittadini che stanno lavorando per lo sviluppo ecomuseale di decine di luoghi in Italia. .Esigenza che sarà nuovamente discussa in Molise durante la  &#8220;Prima conferenza programmatica per lo sviluppo degli ecomusei in Molise &#8220;  CastelloPignatelli-Monteroduni&#8211;20/21 novembre 2008)  nella consapevolezza  di una domanda ecomuseale in crescita .Infatti  sono già 7 le regioni che hanno legiferato in materia (Piemonte,Provincia autonoma Trento, Sardegna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Lombardia, Umbria e Molise) ed altre quali l’Abruzzo e il Veneto si apprestano a farlo): La Lombardia sta acquisendo un ruolo  trainante,  sia con  la promozione della  la Rete Lombarda  che con un  apposito quadro normativo  tale da  innescare un processo partecipativo che permetta un approfondimento della fase formativa e di ricerca,  in modo da migliorare il  livello italiano e favorire  quelle realizzazioni che  funzionino come modelli condivisi di sviluppo locale, legato ad un forte concetto di sussidiarietà. <a href="http://www.osservatorioecomusei.net">http://www.osservatorioecomusei.net</a><br />
Anche  la regione Toscana, sta seguendo con  interesse  questi sviluppi della moderna museologia e si prepara a partecipare ad essi apportando  il proprio contributo,  di eccellenza, consistente  in un  approccio di tipo antropologico scientifico che  contribuirà ad impostare correttamente ed in modo sistemico, problematiche  complesse   tuttora   lasciate in gran parte all&#8217;improvvisazione  e alla lodevole, ma  a volte  caotica    buona volontà  delle comunità locali-<br />
Una buona volontà che invece  merita di essere  nutrita con  strumenti  teorici e pratici  atti a codificare  nuovi   concetti sistemici adeguati a trattare la complessità  di relazioni  che, con l&#8217;ingresso  della progettualità ecomuseale,  non  possono più  riguardare  oggetti  ridotti alla reificazione materiale  e   aggregati secondo criteri insiemistici che ne bloccano l&#8217;accesso ai valori di significazione profonda, ma che  riguardano la complessità delle  relazioni natura-cultura nello spazio e nel tempo.del sistema culturale  di tradizione orale..<br />
Il fatto che  la legge  abbia scelto  l&#8217;espressione  &#8220;beni immateriali&#8221;imprime un nuovo corso alla riflessione epistemologica  che forse potrà portare  al  superamento dell&#8217;impasse definitoria che ha travagliato la discussione teorica su come  indicare  la cultura  popolare  le cui espressioni  sono state variamente etichettate  come: intangibili,  inoggettuali. o persino  &#8220;volatili&#8221;. (Cirese Alberto M. 2002a e b; 2004a, b, ; 2007)<br />
La dizione scelta dall&#8217;Unesco &#8220;Patrimonio Intangibile &#8221; tradotta con  &#8220;Immateriale&#8221; tenta di sfuggire alla dicotomia materia-spirito  potenzialmente fautrice  di  dissonanze filosofiche  alimentate da  obsolete scorie   pseudomarxist e pseudoidealiste .  che  inducoino a respingere il confronto  con le scienze biologiche,  antropologiche e storico-religiose  che risolvendolo nel concetto di &#8220;vita&#8221;e di  &#8220;sacro immanente&#8221;  possono smascherarne  la sterilità..E  purtuttavia   tale tentativo è sempre in bilico di ricadute , stante  la rimozione  dell&#8217;approccio epistemologico corretto: quello etnostorico elaborato da Aurelio Rigoli  ovvero la considerazione  della fonti orali e di quelle materiali (etnoreperti )  come appartenenti  ad un unico  ambito classificatorio: quello delle Etnofonti. (Rigoli A.  1995 :Epistemologia dell&#8217;Etnostoria )  e quindi non ad un insieme ma ad un sistema ricorsivo.<br />
La disinvoltura con cui  l&#8217;Unesco ha rubricato tra i beni  immateriali anche &#8221; gli oggetti, i manufatti e gli spazi culturali associati ad essi , dimostra   l&#8217; urgenza  di superare la perversa dicotomia   materiale-spirituale, ma  non  ne  affronta il  nodo filosofico, che non è gordiano, e che non si può  brutalmente tagliare,   ma che va  districato su base epistemologica, pena la  resa ncondizionata a  rimuginamenti   sui quali non  è più lecito dilungarsi a perditempo. <br />
L&#8217;insistenza nell&#8217;utilizzo di concetti filosofici  anzichè  antropologici (, tratti   dai campi dell&#8217;Antropologia e dell&#8217;Etnostoria)  ha  distorto  la   percezione dell&#8217;oggetto della ricerca etnoantropologica .e le  ha imposto l&#8217;ostacolo di  un paradossale stallo/instabile che  si alimenta  del concetto relativistico di cultura. (Bertocchi A 2006 b)<br />
Il concetto relativistico di cultura  è infatti  il principale responsabile  del tormentoso ed incessante  aggrovigliarsi dei processi di deculturazione che la  cultura orale tradizionale  è costretta a patire, essendo stata negli  ultimi cinquant&#8217;anni  &#8220;progressivamente&#8221; depauperata proprio del suo patrimonio &#8221; immateriale &#8220;in una misura  direttamente proporzionale all&#8217;attenzione riservata alla tutela  dei reperti  materiali . Inoltre  esso  implica  l&#8217;illusione che sia  possibile  trattare problemi pertinenti alle scienze etnoantropogiche con strumenti teorici presi da altri ambiti  disciplinari   che danno per scontata la legittimità delle paradossale dicotomia materia spiriti  che appunto l&#8217;epistemologia delle scienze etnoantroplogiche e bio-evoluzionistiche ha accantonato da tempo.<br />
Dunque la dizione corretta non è &#8220;Beni immateriali&#8221;, ma Etnofonti che, essendo ricorsivamente connesse con l&#8217;ambiente ecologico e sociale includono quelle che ho definito &#8220;Ecofonti&#8221;. In estrema sintesi  &#8221; le sorgenti di informazione provenienti dal pool informazionale delle Ecofonti primarie, nel processo di codificazione che ogni  società   ha imposto ad esse  nello spazio e nel tempo&#8221;. (Bertocchi A. 2003; 2007 a): 2007 c).<br />
Ne deriva  la dolorosa constatazione che i dialetti  nel frattempo stanno morendo  e che  in tutto il mondo è in atto un genocidio linguistico ed etnico. Infatti  le forme  élitarie di documentazione-celebrazione di tipo estetico-letterario, impotenti a cogliere i significati profondi delle categorie e delle espressioni del pensiero magico-religioso che costituisce la struttura portante  della cultura di tradizione orale , non hanno potuto evitarne  il degrado crescente . Mentre non sono stati utilizzate  se  non in scarsissima misura,  le possibilità di documentazione tecnologica offerte  dalla filmografia e  dalle incisioni  audio ed è stata  quasi ovunque  trascurata  la trasmissione  della cultura  vernacolare  alle  nuove generazioni  E  nessuno  sembra  accorgersi che  la redazione di grammatiche, dizionari  ed antologie dialettali possono costituire addirittura il  contrassegno dell&#8221;estinzione , se  il  linguaggio  nativo  non è stato nel  contempo tenuto vivo   nella continuità generazionale. <br />
Grazie  alla spocchia della cultura dominante insinuatasi in  modo strumentale in quella    dei sedicenti antropologi culturali  ci rimangono ora solo i rimasugli di un patrimonio inestimabile., <br />
inquinati da   processi di mercificazione e in quanto  tali,  di assai più ardua  districazione , documentazione , tutela e comprensione.( si veda il caso della &#8220;Festa&#8221; folklorica, ridotta   a occasione di ulteriore spreco e consumo e svuotata degli originari significati di commensalità egalitaria e sacrale : Bertocchi  A. 2007 b) <br />
E non poteva andare diversamente. Come è infatti possibile riconoscere, tutelare e promuovere beni culturali di cui non   si  ha un&#8217;idea concorde e scientificamente fondata? Come è possibile, pretendere  in tali condizioni,  di  riuscire  ad  identificare l&#8217;oggetto della ricerca ed intervenire su di esso per poterlo tutelare secondo criteri deontologici?(Si  veda il codice deontologico Icom  <a href="http://www.misp.it/doc/materiali_doc/Bernardini-IT.pdf">http://www.misp.it/doc/materiali_doc/Bernardini-IT.pdf</a><br />
In  effetti,  l&#8217;esclusivo ricorso  ai saperi di un&#8221; Etno-Antropologia   autoreclusa  nei  limiti , di un&#8217;antropologia  culturale dedita a svaghi relativistici  infarciti di pseudo materialismo storico miscela esplosiva che  ha ampiamente dimostrato di aver fatto danni forse irreparabili) risulta  del tutto inadeguato non solo ad affrontare i problemi della  salvaguardia delle sopravvivenze folkloriche , ma  persino a  porre  un qualsiasi rimedio  ad uno scempio compiuto  nel segno  di incompetenza e  irresponsabilità.  <br />
L&#8217;Etno-antropolgia in tal senso malintesa, risulta   infatti inutilizzabile per lo studio delle Etnofonti  poichè  sia i Contenitori  Simbolici  della cultura  orale  che i reperti della cultura materiale, portano impresse le impronte dello scambio comunicativo  che il processo metaforico  ha stratificato in essi nello spazio e nel tempo e costituiscono un unico sistema complesso ricorsivo.il cui studio mi ha portato alla elaborazione del concetto di   &#8220;Ecofonte&#8221; (Bertocchi A.. 2003, 2007a); 2007 c).che si integra con quello di Etnofonte  perchè  consente una trattazione  sistemica   dei contenitori  simbolici  appartenenti ai sistemi adattativi complessi mito-rito,  sia  in  con dizione di integrità che di frammentazione<br />
Ad esempio, approfondendo il contenitore simbolico della Merla-uccello che ho studiato, sia come specie naturale che come simbolo totemico quale l protagonista  del mito-rito omonimo (Bertocchi<br />
 A.  2006 a:) ho potuto avanzare  un&#8217; ipotesi   scientifica che colloca  le prime fasi di elaborazione del rito sullo scorcio dell’ultima  deglaciazione (12.000 - 10.000 a.C.). <br />
Infatti  il concetto di  &#8220;Ecofonte&#8221;  permette di considerare in modo  stereoscopico la sincronia e la diacronia  incritta negli etnoreperti   e li  rende  riconoscibili  non  più come  immagini bidimensionali, semplici , classificabili in modo insiemistico e riduttivo,  ma  come  contenitori simbolici  multidimensionali  e complessi quali essi sono .E che  tali rimangono, nonostante i processi di deculturazione a cui sono sopravvissuti.  Poichè  anche di questi  essi   mostrano ferite  parlanti che  domandano per  la loro cura  gli strumenti altrettanto complessi delle scienze naturali, antropologiche, storico-religiose,  aggregate dal  Paradigma  Epistemologico Antropologico e Bio-evoluzionistico   elaborato da Gregory Bateson ( 1984, 1985)  e del  Sacro immanente  ( Bateson G. e Bateson   M.C. 1989; Bateson G. 1997 )<br />
Tuttavia  questa legge fa ben sperare nella possibilità   di poter prevenire, in  Antropologia Museale ed &#8216;Eco Museologia  l&#8217;instaurarsi di quei  pesanti i processi di mercificazione che stanno riducendo le collezioni dei Musei  Civici d&#8217;Arte  alla  stregua di oggetti   mercificabili ,  suscitando  le indignate reazioni dell&#8217;Icom   che  va diffondendo  un  suo importante documento, sottoscritto da tutte le associazioni museali italiane, presentato ed argomentato durante   il Congresso &#8220;Mostre e musei a tu per tu&#8221;, tenutosi a Cremona  il 21   Novembre  2008. presso il Museo Civico Ala Ponzone  (,http://www.patrimoniosos.it/rsol.php?op=getarticle&amp;id=48853 <br />
Il Congresso ha visto  fronteggiarsi posizioni antitetiche  sull&#8217;opportunità di continuare ad allestire le cosiddette &#8220;Grandi Mostre&#8221; Nella prima parte della mattina il Dott. Alberto Garlandini, Direttore Generale Vicario Culture Identità e Autonomie della regione Lombardia, promotore  dell&#8217;accreditamento dei musei e degli ecomusei lombardi, ha moderato  gli interventi  sul documento intitolato: &#8220;Mostre spettacolo e Musei: i pericoli di una monocultura e il  rischio di cancellare  le diversità culturali&#8221;.. Da   più parti è stato denunciato un crescente conflitto tra gli interessi culturali e di ricerca dei Musei e gli interessi economici degli  Enti che organizzano Grandi mostre spettacolo che si sono rivelare  controproducenti  per la sostenibilità dell&#8217;intero sistema  Daniele Jallà,  , Presidente Icom  Italia  ha  esposto alcuni punti critici  tra i quali _ I problemi etici e deontologici connessi alla pratica di alcuni musei di “noleggiare” le  proprie opere a terzi per iniziative espositive. _ I costi esorbitanti delle mostre blockbuster che tendono a prosciugare i già risicati  finanziamenti e ad assorbire quote rilevanti dei sempre più ridotti bilanci della cultura  degli enti locali, a scapito delle istituzioni permanenti, come i musei. La competizione impropria che si determina tra le mostre-evento di natura prevalentemente  commerciale  -Le attività delle istituzioni culturali permanenti, con  conseguente drenaggio di risorse e visitatori a danno di queste ultime e conseguente  rischio elevato di determinare nel medio lungo periodo una desertificazione culturale e  una monocultura dell’evento, nonchè l’opportunità che Enti locali e Fondazioni ex bancarie provvedano a investimenti di  denaro pubblico così rilevanti su attività dal carattere marcatamente effimero .Egli si  è soffermato sulla  Raccomandazione n. 3   che  così recita<br />
&#8220;ICOM Italia chiede ai musei italiani privati e pubblici di non praticare le loan-fees sui prestiti delle proprie opere a mostre, in modo da non mettere a rischio il valore immateriale e non commerciale dei beni culturali, anche in ossequio al dettato delle recenti modifiche al Codice dei Beni Culturali e del Paesaggio che vietano di considerare i beni culturali come merce e per non essere costretti, in un momento di progressiva riduzione delle risorse pubbliche, a prendere   decisioni  motivate esclusivamente da un immediato beneficio economico e non da  considerazioni di opportunità culturali. .ICOM Italia si impegna a porre questa questione in sede internazionale al Comitato per la deontologia dell’ICOM, avviando sin d’ora i contatti con i Comitati ICOM nazionali e internazionali affinché questo impegno coinvolga i musei e i professionisti di tutti i paesi.&#8221;<br />
Anche il Prof. Salvatore  Settis   Presidente del Consiglio Superiore dei Beni Culturali del  Ministero, Rettore della scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa,  protagonista di epiche battaglie e di numerosi volumi in nome della difesa del patrimonio culturale  si è espresso da tempo  per una radicale inversione di tendenza .Puntare di più sulle collezioni permanenti e meno sulle esposizioni temporanee, al contrario di quanto si è fatto in questi anni» <a href="http://www.mecenate.info/articolo.asp?id=703">http://www.mecenate.info/articolo.asp?id=703</a>    Articolo inserito il 28/06/2006 14.33.42  (Settis S. 2005) <br />
In  un  sistema culturale  indifferente all&#8217;utilizzazione  della  mole  di autoconoscenze antropologiche  accumulate  in più di due secoli di ricerche scientifiche (Chiarelli B. 2003-2004)<br />
 e  sordo al discorso montessoriano dell&#8217;Antropolgia Pedagogica  (Montessori A. 1910 in Bertocchi A. 2008) perchè   anacronisticamente privo di una Facoltà di Antropolgia (i cui auspichiamo l&#8217;Istituzione, fiduciosi negli spazi di professionalità  che aprirà  la riforma del Ministro Gelmini)<br />
 è confortante constatare  che un idoneo quadro normativo sta favorendo il possibile  recupero  del tempo perduto.<br />
Esso  ci incoraggia a non  abbandonare il campo, ma anzi , a lavorare con  il massimo impegno<br />
. Antonia  Bertocchi <br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Bibliografia <br />
. <br />
Bateson G. (1984), Mente e Natura : un’unità necessaria.  Adelphi, Milano<br />
Bateson G.  (1985), Verso un’ecologia della mente. Adelphi, Milano.<br />
Bateson G. e Bateson M.C. (1989), Dove gli angeli esitano. Verso un’epistemologia del sacro. Adelphi, Milano.<br />
Bateson G. (1997), Una sacra unità: atri  passi verso l’ecologia della mente. A cura di Donaldson R. Adelphi, Milano.<br />
Bertocchi A.  (2003):  &#8220;The eco-source concept for an epistemologica renewal of Eco-Museum Anthropology&#8221; Relazione tenuta in lingua inglese al  XV°   Congresso Mondiale  ICAES 2K3; Humankind/nature interaction: past, present and future – Florence (Italy) July 5th-12th 200; trad. it. SEAS  (Studi Etnoantropologici e Sociologici-Atena, Napoli . n.34 anno 2006. pubblicato su <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a> alla  Categoria  Antropologia della Cultura ecomuseale<br />
Bertocchi A. (2006 a) ”Etnostoria della Merla:un approccio innovativo ad una Festa Popolare della tradizione rurale padana”, Relazione tenuta al VIII° Congresso Nazionale A.I.S.E.A. :FESTA : Tradizione, riproposta, reinvenzione Università di Torino 26-28 Giugno 2003, in ATTI , 2 vol. Ed. Omega Torino 2006)) <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a> all Categoria  Antropologia della cultura popolare<br />
Bertocchi A  (2006 b ) : &#8220;Il contributo del concetto antropologico di cultura al processo di umanizzazione”, presentata al XVI Congresso A.A.I., (Università di Genova: 29-31 ottobre 2005) sul tema. “Il processo di Umanizzazione “. ATTI pubblicati da Edicolors Publishing, Milano 2006. CD Rom +DVD+ vol., <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a> <br />
Bertocchi A.  (2007 a ) :. &#8220;Verso un concetto ecologico e bio-etico di cultura” Relazione tenuta al Congresso . “L´antropolgia lo stato dell´arte e le nuove frontiere”-( Prof, Chiarell :Lezione Magistrale)  Dipartimento di Biologia animale e dell´uomo Università di Torino, 25 settembre 2006 Versione didattica: rivista “ECO”, Educazione sostenibile- Torino, Febbraio 2007 Versione  integrale in  S.E.A.S (Studi Etno-antropologici e Sociologici  Atena Napoli  n.36-2008 <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a> <br />
Bertocchi A. (2007 b) :  Modelli esemplari del valore psicosociale ed ecologico del Pasto Sacro Comunitario in ambito etno-antropologico“, Relazione presentata al X Congresso A.I.S.E.A sul tema: Cibo e alimentazione, tradizione, simboli, saperi”.-Roma, 5,6,7 luglio 2006 Centro Congressi C.N.R. pubblicata sulla rivista S.E.A.S.(Studi Etno-antropologici e Sociologici ), n°35- Napoli 2007. Pubblicata anche sulla rivista on-line dell´AISEA (<a href="http://www.aisea.it/">http://www.aisea.it/</a>) Etnoantropologia n°2 - 2007-07-19.- <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a>  alla categoria   Relazioni Congressuali<br />
Bertocchi A..( 2007 c) :  Il concetto di “Ecofonte” come contributo alla rifunzionalizazione della tradizione popolare nel contesto attuale e alla innovazione delle politiche comunicative ecomuseali IX Congresso AISEA sul tema : ” Antropologia e territorio” , 1-3 Luglio 2004- Università La Sapienza, Roma “Etnoantropologia” n° 1 - 2007 - Rivista on Line AISEA; itwww.aisea.it  Hugues De Varine. <a href="http://www.interactions-online.com">www.interactions-online.com</a>)   <a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net">www.ecoantropologia.net</a>    :<br />
Bertocchi A. (2008  ) L&#8217; Antropologia Pedagogica di Maria Montessori: un tesoro nascosto da riscoprire.( <a href="http://www.ecoantropologias.net/">http://www.ecoantropologias.net/</a> )   con relativo ppt. . Relazione tenuta al Congresso:  Evoluzione e  Biodiversità umana sul Tema:   “Comunicare l’Evoluzione umana” Museo di storia Naturale - Università di Firenze  11.12 Settembre 2008   <br />
Bertocchi A.. ( 2009 a ) (Forthcoming)  Chairperson della  Session ecomuseale  : 4-058 - Italy<br />
处于可持续和难持续旅游业之间的生态博物馆学：从理论场中的系统危机到实践应用中的系统诱导 Ecomuseology Between Sustainable and Untenable Tourism. From Systemic Emergencies In Theoretical Field, to Systemic Induction in Practical Applicatione     16th IUAES World Congress will be held from July 27 to July 31, 2009 in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China  <br />
Chiarelli B. (2003- 2004 )  Dalla natura alla cultura. 3 volumi, Ed. Piccin Padova. Vol. I°: Evoluzione dei Primati ed origine dell´uomo - Vol. II°: Origini della socialità e della cultura umana - Vol.III°: Uomo, ambiente e società, oggi.<br />
Cirese A.M. (2002 a) :Beni immateriali o beni inoggettuali: 2002d Beni immateriali o beni inoggettuali?. - Antropologia Museale, 1. (2002), n. 1 : 66-69<br />
pubblica la seconda parte di *2002b</p>
<p>Cirese A. M . 2002b I musei demologici: considerazioni di ieri e di oggi. - In: Il patrimonio museale<br />
antropologico. Itinerari nelle regioni italiane: riflessioni e prospettive. A cura della<br />
Commissione Nazionale per i beni Demoetnoantropologici - Ministero per i Beni e le<br />
Attività Culturali. [Roma], ADN Kronos Cultura, 2002 : 23-30Cirese A. M. (2004a): Idem come sopra. (pp.25-32)</p>
<p>Cirese A. M. (2004b ) &#8221; Feste, musei, beni volatili&#8221; - In:  Atti del Convegno di studi &#8220;Verso il museo della civiltà contadina ’Luigi Poscia’. Cultura materiale e beni volatili&#8221;, Latera 30 maggio  (1998) A cura di Marcello Arduini. S.n.t. [ 2004] (Tipografia Ceccarelli, Grotte di Castro VT)<br />
Cirese A.M. (2007)  Beni volatili, stili, musei &#8221; Siena  II°  ed.  Idem , Prato, Gli Ori, ed. <br />
Montessori M. (1910)  : Antropologia Pedagogica. Vallardi  Milano<br />
Rigoli A.   (1995):   &#8220;Epistemologia dell&#8217;Etnostoria&#8221;  Le ragioni dell&#8217;Etnostoria. Editrice Ila Palma Palermo pp.11-24</p>
<p> Settis  Salvatore (2005)  Battaglie senza eroi   I beni culturali tra istituzioni e profitto<br />
Collana &#8220;Electa per le Belle Arti&#8221;Electa, Milano 2005<br />
 </p>
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		<title>Oetzi, i Sumeri, i Camuni e l’asteroide di Köfels</title>
		<link>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2008/12/15/oetzi-i-sumeri-i-camuni-e-l%e2%80%99asteroide-di-kofels/</link>
		<comments>http://www.ecoantropologia.net/2008/12/15/oetzi-i-sumeri-i-camuni-e-l%e2%80%99asteroide-di-kofels/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 14:28:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Bertocchi</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Antropologia della cultura preistorica]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[Gaspani]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[Oetzi;meteorite PaspardoTavletta K8530]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Oetzi, i Sumeri, i Camuni e l’asteroide di Köfels
di
Adriano Gaspani
I.N.A.F - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera - Milano
adriano.gaspani@brera.inaf.it
 
Non molto tempo fa alcuni giornali riportarono una curiosa notizia relativa alle vicende di Oetzi cioè quello che è conosciuto come l’Uomo di Similaun. Ricordiamo che i resti di un essere umano vissuto intorno al 3000 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: ">Oetzi, i Sumeri, i Camuni e l’asteroide di Köfels</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">di</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><strong>Adriano Gaspani</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">I.N.A.F - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera - Milano</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><em>adriano.gaspani@brera.inaf.it</em></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Non molto tempo fa alcuni giornali riportarono una curiosa notizia relativa alle vicende di Oetzi cioè quello che è conosciuto come l’Uomo di Similaun. Ricordiamo che i resti di un essere umano vissuto intorno al 3000 a.C. e deceduto in circostanze non ancora del tutto chiare mentre cercava di attraversare le Alpi, furono rinvenute nell’area della valle dell’Otzthal presso il confine tra il territorio italiano e quello austriaco. La morte di Oetzi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fu provocata del repentino peggioramento delle condizioni atmosferiche in alta quota, ma anche da una freccia con cui era stato colpito e la cui cuspide è stata ritrovata conficcata, durante l’esame del suo corpo mummificato, nella sua schiena. </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani1.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-236" title="gaspani1" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani1-300x222.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="222" /></a></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><strong>Uno scorcio dell’attuale abitato di Köfels (Austria)</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><strong></strong></span> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">La valle dell’Otzthal non è molto distante dalla cittadina austriaca di Köfels la quale sorge entro i resti di un cratere di impatto<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>del diametro di 1,5 Km, dovuto alla caduta di un grosso meteorite di circa 1300 metri di diametro il quale colpì il suolo secondo una traiettoria il cui angolo di impatto fu dell’ordine dei 6°. </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani2.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-237" title="gaspani2" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani2-300x178.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="178" /></a></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">La palla di fuoco che si generò fu dell’ordine di 5 km di diametro. L’oggetto era un piccolo asteroide del tipo degli Atena, i quali originalmente in orbita intorno al Sole su una traiettoria dinamicamente risonante con quella della Terra. Le conseguenze di questo tremendo impatto furono catastrofiche: numerosi territori, anche a rilevante distanza, furono distrutti sia dal calore generato dall’esplosione, sia dall’onda d’urto propagatasi nell’atmosfera, che dalla fortissima onda sismica che si generò in seguito all’urto dell’oggetto contro il terreno.</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani3.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-238" title="gaspani3" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani3.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="212" /></a></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Traiettoria percorsa dall’oggetto poco prima di colpire il terreno a Köfels.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong></strong> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Il basso angolo d’impatto fece si che il piccolo asteroide durante la sua traiettoria discendente decapitasse la montagna del Gamskogel posta poco sopra l’attuale cittadina di Langenfeld, ad 11 km di distanza da Köfels, e questo lo fece esplodere nella palla di fuoco di 5 km di diametro prima di toccare il suolo. L’enorme onda di pressione che venne a formarsi polverizzò le rocce sottostanti tanto che l’impatto finale avvenne con un corpo fluido e quindi non venne scavato un cratere vero e proprio, ma si generò la depressione in cui ora è posta la cittadina di Köfels. Il basso angolo d’impatto fese si che l’asteroide compisse un lungo viaggio all’interno dell’atmosfera della Terra e quindi la scia di fumo e gas generata sia stata molto lunga, tanto che potrebbe essere stata avvistata anche in Medioriente ed in Egitto. La collocazione cronologica dell’epoca i cui avvenne l’impatto è sempre stata piuttosto problematica, ma recentemente due studiosi inglesi: Alan Bond, direttore di Reaction Engines, una compagnia inglese specializzata nello sviluppo di sistemi di propulsione spaziale e Mark Hempsell, docente di astronautica alla Bristol University,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hanno analizzato una tavoletta di origine sumera, conosciuta dagli esperti con il nome di Planisfera e con il numero d&#8217;archivio K8538, e secondo i risultati delle loro ricerche, su di essa sarebbe descritta la comparsa nel cielo di un oggetto che poi sarebbe quello che si è schiantato sul territorio austriaco dove oggi sorge la città di Köfels.</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani3.jpg"></a></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani4.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-239" title="gaspani4" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani4-300x233.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="233" /></a></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">La tavoletta K8530 (la Planisfera) conservata al British Museum di Londra</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong></strong> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Secondo i due studiosi la tavoletta “Planisfera” descriverebbe quindi una antica catastrofe naturali avvenute sulla Terra e osservate dall’occhio dell’Uomo. Il reperto fu scoperto dall’archeologo inglese Herny Layard nel 1845 tra i resti della libreria del palazzo reale di Ninive, capitale del regno assiro, vicino all’odierna città irachena di Mosul e custodita nel British Museum, e per oltre 150 anni ha resistito a qualsiasi tentativo di interpretazione. Ora dopo il lavoro di Bond e Hempsell, durato 8 anni, i segni presenti su una tavoletta sumerica (tra l&#8217;altro molto parziale e rimaneggiata) narrerebbero «<em>eventi avvenuti nel cielo prima dell&#8217;alba del 29 giugno del 3123 avanti Cristo</em>» e farebbero riferimento all&#8217;avvistamento di un meteorite che successivamente avrebbe colpito la Terra, appena oltre l&#8217;attuale frontiera italiana.</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani5.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-240" title="gaspani5" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani5-300x285.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="285" /></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani4.jpg"></a></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">La tavoletta K8530 su cui sarebbe registrata la caduta dell’asteroide caduto a Köfels</span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Queste ricerche sono state pubblicate dai due studiosi britannici nel recente libro “<strong>A Sumerian Observation of Köfels</strong>”. La tavoletta risalirebbe al 700 a. C. e su di essa sarebbero stati copiati alcuni appunti di un antico astronomo sumero che realmente avrebbe visto l&#8217;asteroide avvicinarsi alla Terra in quella notte di oltre 5 mila anni fa. Costui avrebbe descritto il corpo celeste come una enorme «<em>pietra bianca che si avvicinava</em>», e che spazzava via tutto quello che incontrava. Sulla tavoletta sumerica oltre al testo cuneiforme, sono tracciati disegni che descrivono la posizioni di alcune stelle e costellazioni per cui è stato possibile determinare ragionevolmente la collocazione cronologica proposta da Bond ed Hempsell i quali affermano che alcuni simboli presenti sulla tavoletta descrivono accuratamente la traiettoria di un grande oggetto che attraversava la costellazione dei Pesci e che si avvicinava sempre di più alla Terra. </span></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani6.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-241" title="gaspani6" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani6-300x222.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="222" /></a></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Simulazione dell’impatto di un asteroide sulla Terra</span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Almeno la metà dei simboli tracciati sulla tavoletta si riferirebbero all’asteroide, mentre tutti gli altri descrivono la posizione delle nuvole e delle costellazioni. Le conseguenze di questo tremendo impatto furono ovviamente catastrofiche: numerosi territori, anche lontani da Köfels, furono distrutti e poiché l’area geografica che corrisponde alla Valcamonica e all’arco alpino subito a nord-ovest, nel IV millennio a.C. era popolata, decine di migliaia di persone dovrebbero essere morte in seguito al cataclisma. Curiosamente quel periodo coincide con la presenza di Oetzi in quella zona alpina. Recentemente un archeologo trentino, Domenico Risi, ha proposto una curiosa ipotesi in relazione all’Uomo di Similaun e cioè che Oetzi fosse stato vittima di un sacrificio umano rituale compiuto in occasione della caduta dell’asteroide e dei suoi effetti devastanti. Il cadavere di Oetzi sarebbe posi stato essiccato dal vento ad alta temperatura generatosi dopo l’esplosione e conservato fino alla data della scoperta dalla neve e dal ghiaccio che l’hanno ricoperto. Tale ipotesi va però oltre qualsiasi possibilità di verifica di tipo scientifico quindi personalmente la ritengo poco probabile ed anche piuttosto azzardata, anche in relazione all’incertezza con cui è possibile accettare le conclusioni di Bond ed Hempsell. </span></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani7.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-242" title="gaspani7" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani7-300x220.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="220" /></a></span></span></span> </p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Rappresentazione artistica dell’impatto dell’asteroide sulla cima del Gamskogel prima dell’esplosione finale.</span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">A questo proposito è utile eseguire alcune considerazioni: lo schema adottato dai due studiosi inglesi per stabilire la collocazione cronologica dell’impatto sulla base delle iscrizioni contenute nella tavoletta sumera è basato su alcuni seguenti criteri. Il primo è quello che la K8538 indica il ventesimo giorno di un mese lunare, che parte con il novilunio e copre parzialmente i nostri mesi di Giugno e Luglio, di un anno compreso tra il 3500 a.C. e il 2000 a.C.; in secondo luogo le posizioni planetarie indicate sulla tavoletta erano tali che un pianeta era posto nella costellazione dei Gemelli, due pianeti posti nel Cancro e nessun pianeta posto nei Pesci. L’analisi delle configurazioni planetarie ha mostrato che il 29 Giugno del 3123 a.C. sembra essere la data più probabile, tra una ventina di candidate, per la collocazione cronologica dell’impatto dell’asteroide. Rimane ora un altro problema da risolvere e cioè che nel IV millennio a.C. l’area geografica alpina in cui è avvenuto l’impatto era densamente popolata da popolazioni che, soprattutto nella Valcamonica, hanno prodotto complessivamente circa 300.000 incisioni rupestri di tipo figurativo, cioè che descrivono scene reali, e nonostante abbia eseguito una ricerca molto accurata quando, nel 2001, pubblicai il volume &#8220;LA CIVILTA&#8217; DEI CAMUNI, Sole Luna e Stelle nell’Antica Valcamonica&#8221;, Keltia, Ed. Aosta</span><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: Courier New;">, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">non è stato possibile mettere in evidenza l’esistenza di petroglifi che possano riferirsi in qualche modo alla registrazione dell’evento che dovette aver avuto effetti devastanti nella valle. </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani8.jpg"></a><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani8.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-243" title="gaspani8" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani8.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="265" /></a></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Ad onor del vero a quel tempo qualcuno mi propose l’identificazione delle rappresentazione dell’evento nel simbolo ciclomorfo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tracciato su alcune steli e massi monumentali prodotti dalla cultura camuna durante il calcolitico, e che vede l’esempio più antico nel misterioso petroglifo tracciato sulla roccia del Capitello dei Due Pini, presso il paese di Paspardo, in Valcamonica,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ma la discrepanza cronologica tra il calcolitico camuno ed la datazione dell’impatto che a quel tempo era considerata molto più antica rispetto a quanto ora ipotizzato da Bond ed Hempsell. La collocazione cronologica proposta dai due studiosi potrebbe anche essere coerente con il petroglifo di Paspardo il quale potrebbe conservare la memoria storica dell’osservazione della caduta dell’asteroide, tanto da essere diventato un oggetto di culto frequentemente tracciato sulle steli e sui massi sacri calcolitici camuni. </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "><a href="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani9.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-244" title="gaspani9" src="http://www.ecoantropologia.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/gaspani9.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="485" /></a></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Il petroglifo tracciato sul menhir di Ello</span></p>
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<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: ">Anche sul menhir di Ello presso Lecco, in Lombardia, abbiamo una rappresentazione simile a quelle camune e coeva ad esse. Anche in questo caso potrebbe essere ipotizzata una possibile correlazione con la memoria storica dell’evento o addirittura con la diretta osservazione della caduta dell’asteroide. E’ comunque necessaria molta cautela ed un’analisi storica, archeologica ed archeastronmica molto accurata e rigorosa prima di per poter avanzare ipotesi in tal senso.</span></p>
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<p>nso</p>
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